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2010- iPMAC Informatics Technology J.S.C

Welcome to the world of networking

CISCO Certification System

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IPMACNetworking Academy

Cisco Career Certification

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Cisco Career Tracks

CCDA

CCDP (Cisco Certified Design Professional)

CCNA CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional)

CCSP (Cisco Certified Security Professional)

CCIP (Cisco Certified Internetwork Professional)

.........

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Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert

CCIE Certification - Routing & Switching**

CCIE Certification - Security**

CCIE Certification - Service Provider**

CCIE Certification Storage**

CCIE Certification - Voice**

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Cisco Qualified Specialist CQS- Cisco Multiservice Switching Specialist

CQS- Cisco Network Management SalesSpecialist

CQS- Cisco Network Management Specialist

CQS- Cisco Optical Specialist

CQS- Cisco Storage Networking DesignSpecialist

CQS- Cisco Storage Networking Sales Specialist

CQS- Cisco Storage Networking SupportSpecialist

CQS- Cisco Unity Design Specialist

CQS- Cisco Unity Support Specialist

CQS- Cisco VPN/Security Sales Specialist

CQS- Cisco VPN Specialist

CQS- Cisco Wireless LAN Design Specialist

CQS- Cisco Wireless LAN Support Specialist

CQS- Cisco Wireless LAN Sales Specialist

CQS- Cisco Access Routing & LAN Switching

Sales Specialist

CQS- Cisco Access Routing & LAN SwitchingSpecialist

CQS- Cisco Cable Communications SalesSpecialist

CQS- Cisco Cable Communications Specialist

CQS- Cisco Call Manager Express Specialist

CQS- Cisco Content Networking SalesSpecialist

CQS- Cisco Content Networking Specialist

CQS- Cisco Firewall Specialist

CQS- Cisco IDS Specialist

CQS- Cisco IP Telephony Design Specialist

CQS- Cisco IP Telephony Express Specialist

CQS- Cisco IP Telephony Operations Specialist

CQS- Cisco IP Telephony Support Specialist

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CCNA Contents

Basic Networking

Routing

Switching

ACL, NAT

Security

Net yourWork

Net yourWork

WAN

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2007 - iPMAC Informatics Technology J.S.C

Networking History

GENERAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

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Networking History

Standalone Device.

Duplication of equipments and resources.

Inability to communicate efficiently.

Lack of networking management.

LAN.

Connects devices that are close together.

WAN.

Interconnects LANs across a large area.

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Communication characteristics

Addresses

What are the source and the destination of acommunication process?

Media

Where does the communication take place?

Protocols

How to make the communication process effectively?

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Communication: Human conversation

Address

Hello Mr.A, I am B

Media

Atmosphere Protocol

Language

Speed

Handshaking

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Data Communication

Address Source address, Destination address

Media

Cable, Fiber, Atmosphere

Protocol Format

Procedure

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The OSI MODEL

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Evolution of networking standards

SNA

TCP/IP DECNET

Proprietary Interconnection

Development

Simplification

Standard

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OSI model development

Researched and developed by the ISO - InternationalOrganization forStandardizations (orInternational StandardsOrganizations)

1977: establish a subcommittee to develop a

communications architecture. 1984: publish ISO-7498, the Open System

Interconnection (OSI) reference model.

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OSI model

The OSI model: a framework within which networkingstandards can be developed.

It provided vendors with a set of standards that ensuredgreater compatibility and interoperability between the various

types of network technologies that were produced by themany companies around the world.

Proprietary vs. Open

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7 layers of the OSI reference model

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Why a layered model?

Reduces complexity.

Standardizes interfaces.

Facilitates modular engineering.

Ensures interoperable technology.

Accelerates evolution.

Simplifies teaching and learning.

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Focus of the CCNA curriculum

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The physical layer

Transmission of an unstructured bit stream overa physical link between end systems.

Electrical, mechanical, procedural and functionalspecifications

Physical data rate Distances

Physical connector

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The data-link layer

Provides for the reliable transfer of data cross aphysical link.

Frames

Physical address

Network topology Line discipline

Synchronization

Error control

Flow control

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The network layer

Provides connectivity and path selection betweentwo host systems that may be located ongeographically separated networks.

Packets

Virtual circuits Route, routing table, routing protocol

Logical address

Fragmentation

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The transport layer

Provides reliable, transparent transfer of data overnetworks.

Segments, data stream, datagram

Connection oriented and connectionless

End-to-end flow control Error detection and recovery

Segmentation & reassembly

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The session layer

Establishes, manages, and terminates sessions betweentwo communicating hosts.

Sessions

Dialog

Conversations Data exchange

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The presentation layer

Ensures that the information that the application layer ofone system sends out is readable by the application layerof another system.

Format of data

Data structure Data conversion

Data compression

Data encryption

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The application layer

Is the OSI layer that is closest to the user; it providesnetwork services to the users applications.

File transfer

Electronic mail

Terminal access Word processing

Intended communication partners

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Encapsulation example

Air-mail

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Encapsulation example: E-mail

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Encapsulation

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Layer-to-layer communications

Request services

Provide services

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Peer-to-peer communications

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TCP/IP MODEL

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TCP/IP model development

The late-60s The Defense Advance Research ProjectsAgency (DARPA) originally developed TransmissionControl Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) tointerconnect various defense department computer

networks. The Internet, an International Wide Area Network, uses

TCP/IP to connect networks across the world.

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4 layers of the TCP/IP model

Layer 4:Application

Layer 3: Transport

Layer 2: Internet

Layer 1: Network access

It is important to note that some of the

layers in the TCP/IP model have the samename as layers in the OSI model.

Do not confuse the layers of the two models.

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The network access layer

Concerned with all of the issues that an IP packetrequires to actually make the physical link. All the detailsin the OSI physical and data link layers.

Electrical, mechanical, procedural and functional

specifications. Data rate, Distances, Physical connector.

Frames, physical addressing.

Synchronization, flow control, error control.

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The internet layer

Send source packets from any network on theinternetwork and have them arrive at the destinationindependent of the path and networks they took to getthere.

Packets, Logical addressing. Internet Protocol (IP).

Route , routing table, routing protocol.

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The transport layer

The transport layer deals with the quality-of-serviceissues of reliability, flow control, and error correction.

Segments, data stream, datagram.

Connection oriented and connectionless.

Transmission control protocol (TCP). User datagram protocol (UDP).

End-to-end flow control.

Error detection and recovery.

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The application layer

Handles high-level protocols, issues of representation,encoding, and dialog control.

The TCP/IP combines all application-related issues intoone layer, and assures this data is properly packaged

for the next layer. FTP, HTTP, SMNP, DNS ...

Format of data, data structure, encode

Dialog control, session management

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TCP/IP protocol stack

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Comparing TCP/IP with OSI

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Comparing TCP/IP with OSI (cont.)

Similarities:

Both have layers.

Both have application layers, though they include verydifferent services.

Both have comparable transport and network layers

Networking professionals need to know both.

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Comparing TCP/IP with OSI (cont.)

Differences:

TCP/IP combines the presentation and session layer issuesinto its application layer.

TCP/IP combines the OSI data link and physical layers into

one layer. TCP/IP appears simpler because it has fewer layers.

Typically networks aren't built on the OSI protocol, eventhough the OSI model is used as a guide.

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Requirements for Internet connection

A physical connection is made by connecting a specializedexpansion card such as a modem or a network interface card(NIC) from a computer (PC) to a network.

The logical connection uses standards called protocols.

The application that interprets the data and displays theinformation in an understandable form is the last part of the

connection.

Web browser

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

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Network interface card

When selecting a NIC, consider the following factors:

Protocols Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI

Types of media Twisted-pair, coaxial, wireless, orfiber-optic

Type of system bus PCI or ISA

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TCP/IP description and configuration

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) is a set of protocols or rules developed toallow cooperating computers to share resourcesacross a network.

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TCP/IP description and configuration

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Summary

The layered communication model

OSI reference model

TCP/IP networking model

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2007 Kiendt www.ipmac.vn

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1.1- OSI& TCP-IP

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