10. PROGRAMME 3 DETECTIVE...

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE FOR 2006/200770

10. PROGRAMME3 DETECTIVESERVICES

10.1 Purpose

EnabletheinvestigativeworkoftheSouthAfricanPoliceService,includingsupporttoinvestigatorsintermsofforen-sicevidenceandtheCriminalRecordCentre.

10.2 Measurableobjectives

Contributetothesuccessfulprosecutionofcrimebyinvestigating,gatheringandanalysingevidenceandtherebypreventingtheprioritycrimesdetectionratefromdecreasing.

TheDetectiveServicesprogrammedeliverstheservicesrequiredtoeffectivelyinvestigatecrimes,andfacilitatestheactivitiesofdetectivesatallpolicestations.

Therearefoursubprogrammes:

GeneralInvestigationsaccommodatesdetectivesatpolicestationswhoinvestigateabroadrangeofcrimes.

SpecialisedInvestigationsfundstheinvestigationswhichrequirespecialisedskills.

CriminalRecordCentremanagescriminalrecords.

ForensicScienceLaboratoryprovidesspecialisedtechnicalsupporttoinvestigatorsinrelationtoevidence.

10.3 Servicedeliveryachievements

TABLE15 Actualperformanceagainsttargets

Sub-PrograMMeS outPutoutPutPerforMance

MeaSureS/ServicedeliveryindicatorS

actualPerforManceagainSttarget

target actual

GeneralInvestigations Generalcrimeinvestigation

Percentageofcharges(cases)tocourt

21%tocourt 31,97%oftargetachieved

Prioritycrimesdetectionrate(proportionofcasesconcludedwithinthepolicingenvironment)

33%detected 42,39%oftargetachieved

71PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE

Sub-PrograMMeS outPutoutPutPerforMance

MeaSureS/ServicedeliveryindicatorS

actualPerforManceagainSttarget

target actual

SpecialisedInvestigations Specialisedcrimeinvestigation

Percentageoforganisedcrime-relatedchargestocourt


Detectionrateofcommercialcrime


Percentageofcommercialcrimechargestocourt


Detectionrateofsexualoffencesandassaultsagainstchildren(under18years)


Percentageofcharges(cases)tocourtforsexualoffencesandassaultsagainstchildren


Detectionrateofsexualoffencesandassaultsagainstwomen(18yearsandabove)


Percentageofcharges(cases)tocourtforsexualoffencesandassaultsagainstwomen


CriminalRecordsCentre Fingerprintidentification Timetakentogeneratereportsofoffenders’previousconvictions

Within30days 86,4%oftargetachieved

ForensicScienceLaboratory

Forensicevidence Percentageofexhibitsanalysedwithin35days

92%analysed 92%oftargetachieved

10.4 Servicedeliveryobjectivesandindicators

10.4.1Subprogramme:GeneralInvestigations

10.4.1.1 Chargestocourtanddetectionrate

InevaluatingtheperformanceoftheSAPSinsolvingcrime,twodifferentcriteriaareused. Thefirstcriterion isthenumberofcharges/casesreferredtocourtandthesecondisthedetectionrate(theabilitytosolvecases).Table16reflectsthetotalnumberofchargesreferredtocourtandthedetectionratesachievedoverthepe-riodApril2006toMarch2007withrespecttocontactcrimes,propertycrimes,andcrimesdependentonpoliceactionfordetection.


Charges carried over are the number of charges that were carried over from thepreviousyear/s,whichwerenotconcludedatthattime.Thetotalchargesofaspe-cificcrimethatwasinvestigatedareestablishedbyaddingthenumberofchargesreportedtothenumberofchargescarriedforward.Thenumberofchargesreferredtocourtisdividedbythenumberofchargeswhichwereinvestigatedtodeterminethepercentageofchargesreferredtocourt.Todeterminethedetectionrate,theto-talnumberofchargesreferredtocourt,thechargeswithdrawnbeforecourtandthechargesclosedasunfoundedaredividedbythetotalnumberofchargesinvestigated.ChargeswithdrawnbeforecourtarechargeswhichweresenttotheSeniorPublicProsecutor foradecisionandadecisionwasmadenot toprosecute. The reasonforthisdecisionmightbethattherewasnotenoughevidenceor it isacivilcase.Chargesareclosedasunfoundedifitisestablished,duringtheinvestigations,thatacrimehasnotactuallybeencommitted.

Chargesreferredtocourtandthedetectionratesdiffer in respectof thedifferentcategoriesofcrime.Chargeswhichrelyonpoliceactionresulting indirectarrestsusually have higher detection rates, because the perpetrators are arrested at thesceneofthecrime,forexample,shopliftinganddrug-relatedcrimes.Chargeswherethesuspectsareunknownatthetimeofthecrimetendtohavelowerratesofdetec-tionandreferraltocourt.

Table16 reflects the total number of charges referred to court and thedetectionratesachievedovertheperiodApril2006toMarch2007regardingcontactcrimes,propertycrimesandcrimesdependentonpoliceactionfordetection.

(a) Contactcrimes(crimesagainstpersons)

Fromtable16itisevidentthatthetotalnumberofchargesreporteddecreasedby25207(-3,39%)incomparisonwiththesameperiodin2005/2006.Thelargestdecrease inreportedchargeswas inrespectofAssaultCommon17496(-7,69%),whiletherewasanincreaseof6832(5,71%)reportedchargesinrespectofRobberywithaggravatingcircumstances.Withregardtochargesreferredtocourt,anincreaseof3095caseswasnoted(3,14%),withAssaultGBHasthecrimeindicatingthehighestincrease,namely4,68%.ThehighestincreaseinthedetectionratewasinrespectofAssaultGBH,with2,68%.

(b) Property-relatedcrimes

23440(-4,11%)fewerchargeswerereportedtothepoliceduringtheyearincomparisonwiththepreviousyear.ThebiggestdecreaseinreportedchargeswasinrespectofTheftoutof/frommotorvehicles,with15061fewercharges(-10,83%).Overalltherewasasmallincreaseof0,36%inchargesreferredtocourt,with Theft out of/frommotor vehicles showing thebiggest increase,namely0,03%.

PROGRAMME 3


DETECTIVE SERVICES

(c) Crimedependentonpoliceaction

15045(10,58%)morechargeswerereportedbythepoliceduringthisfinan-cial year compared to the previous year. The biggest increase in reportedchargeswas inrespectofdrivingunderthe influenceofalcohol/drugs,with5145(15,54%)morechargesreported. Therewasa2,32%increaseinthepercentageof charges referred tocourt,with Illegalpossessionof firearmsandammunitionshowingthebiggestincreaseof7,02%,whilethiscrimealsoshowedthebiggestincreaseinthedetectionrate(5,31%).

Whentheseprioritycrimesarecombined,thereportedchargesdecreasedby43286(-2,00%),withproperty-relatedcrimesshowing thebiggestdecrease in reporting (-4,11%). charges referred tocourt increasedby2,58%to31,97%.atargetof21%forchargestocourtwassetforthefi-nancialyear2006/2007.thedetectionrateincreasedby1,80%to42,39%.atargetof33%wassetfordetectionrateforthefinancialyear2006/2007.theaboveanalysesrevealthattheSaPSmetthesetargets.

thehighdetectionratecanbeattributedtothefactthatalargenumberofdocketsarebeingwithdrawnbeforecourtforanumberofreasons,includ-ing request forcomplainants,complainantswhocannotbe tracedaftertheyreportedcasesandjuvenilesreferredtoinstitutions,e.g.nicro.

(d) Convictionrates

ThePortfolioCommitteeonSafetyandSecurityhasrequestedtheSAPStoincludethemeasuringofconvictionratesinfutureAnnualReports.AsaresulttheSAPSmetwiththeNationalProsecutingAuthority(NPA)onseveralocca-sionstodiscussthismatter.

AfactorcomplicatingtheinclusionofconvictionratesintheAnnualReportsoftheSAPSisthefactthattheSAPS,theNPA,theDepartmentofJusticeandtheDepartmentofCorrectionalServiceallhavedifferentapproachestothewayinwhichconvictionratesareinterpretedandmeasured.TheSAPSfocusesonthedisposalofdocketsintermsofthenumberofchargesagainstanaccused,theNPAandtheDepartmentofJusticetrackthewayinwhichthecaseisdealtwithinthecourts,whiletheDepartmentofCorrectionalServicesfocusesontheconvictedindividual.

ItwouldthereforebedifficulttoattempttostandardisetheapproachadoptedbythevariousdepartmentstomeasuringtheconvictionrateatdepartmentallevelasthesedepartmentseachhavesubstantiallydifferentfunctionswithintheCriminalJusticeSystemandthereforefollowdifferentprocesses.Forex-ample, theSAPS is responsible for theeffective investigationof anallegedcrime, the NPA and Department of Justice are focused on prosecuting the


allegedoffenderwithin the courts and theDepartment ofCorrectionalSer-vicesmanagestherehabilitationoftheconvictedoffender.Therefore,itwasdecidedtoreferthemattertotheCriminalJusticeReviewTaskTeam,whichhassinceincludeditinitsprogrammeonperformancemeasurementfortheCriminalJusticeSystem.

TheSAPSmeasurestheconvictionratebyaddingupthenumberofchargesresultinginaguiltyverdictandchargesconcludedbyothermeans,exceptiftheaccusedisfoundnotguiltyorthecaseiswithdrawnincourt,anddividesitbythenumberofchargesthatwerereferredtocourtandthechargesprevi-ouslyoutstandingincourt.Thefollowingfactorsaffecttheconvictionrate:

Chargesthatarewithdrawnbythecomplainantsincourt.“Deminimislexnoncurat”(triflingcasesthrownoutofcourt).Chargeswithdrawnincourtduetocomplainants/witnesseswhocan-notbetraced.Chargesbeingstruckfromtherollasaresultofsuspectsabscondingafterhavingbeengrantedbail.

TheSAPSisatpresentchangingitssystemssothat,whenadocketisdisposedofasclosedonthesystem,reasonsforwithdrawingthecaseincourtmustalsobegiven.ThiswillenabletheSAPStoascertainthenumberofdocketsthatwerewithdrawnbycomplainants,witnessesthatcannotbetracedandsus-pectsabsconding-factorsoverwhichtheSAPSandtheDepartmentofJusticehavelittlecontrol.However,theSAPSwillincludetheconvictionratefromtheperspectiveoftheSAPSintheAnnualReportfor2007/2008.

Towardstheendof2006,aHi-TechProjectCentrewasestablishedtomeettheneedforabettercoordinatedapproachtocrimeinformationandtheuseofavail-ableskillsandtechnology.Theconsequenceofthatapproachwaseasyaccessbyinvestigatingofficerstoallrelevantinformationwhichtheyusedsuccessfullytoopposebail,identifysuspects,apprehendwantedpersons,knowthestatusofsuspects(whetherincustodyornot)andlinkcasestooneanother.

ThecentrewasusedasaplatformtotestnewtechnologiessuchasLayeredVoiceAnalyses(astressanalysisofverbalcommunicationssimilartothetradi-tionalpolygraphtest)andapilotprojectonfacialrecognition,whereimagesofsuspectsandcrimesceneswereanalysedwithaviewtopositivelyidentifyingwantedpersons.

TheCentrecoordinatedinformationonorganisedaggravatedrobberies,includ-ing cash-in-transit heists, bank robberies, break-ins at financial institutions,AutomaticTellerMachine(ATM)explosions,aggravatedrobberiesatshoppingmalls,petroleumstations,casinos,pensionpay-outpointsandthehijackingoftruckswithfreight.

PROGRAMME 3


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91,

80

TABL

E16

Pe

rfor

man

ceo

fgen

eral

inve

stig

atio

ns


10.5.1 Subprogramme:SpecialisedInvestigations

10.5.1.1 Organisedcrime-relatedcharges

TheJustice,CrimePreventionandSecurity(JCPS)clusterregardstheneutralisingoforganisedcrimesyndicatesasapriority.AccordingtotheOrganisedCrimeProjectInvestigation(OCPI),192organisedcrimegroups(projects)areknowntobeoperatinginSouthAfrica.Mostofthesecriminalgroupsspecialiseindrug-relatedcrime,motorvehicletheft,thehijackingofmotorvehiclesandtrucks,fraud,corruption,traffickinginnon-ferrousmetals,preciousmetalsandstones. Ofthe192projectsthatwereinvestigated,72weresuccessfullyinvestigated,whichledto913casesbeingtakentocourt.The913casesinvolvedthearrestof127syndicateleadersand704syndicatemembers (runners). Thismeans that37,5%of theorganisedcrimeprojects thatwereunderinvestigationfortheperiodunderreviewweretakentocourt.Asatargetof20%hadbeensetfortheperiodunderreview,theSAPSachieveditstarget.

In establishing better coordination and developing mutually beneficial activities,systemsandprocesses,theemphasisisplacedonimprovingcooperationbetweenSARPCCOcountriesinaddressingcross-bordercrime.Firearmsandillegalimmigrantsareexamplesofthiskindofcooperation.Phase1ofOperationPalancaNegra,whichfocusedonstolen/hijackedvehiclesanddrugs,wascarriedoutinSouthAfrica,Lesotho,SwazilandandMozambique.Phase2tookplaceinAngola,Namibia,BotswanaandZimbabweandPhase3inTanzania,MalawiandZambia.400stolen/hijackedvehiclesfromSouthAfricawereseizedand193vehiclesimpoundedduringtheseoperationsinthevariouscountries,47illegalfirearmswereseized,and2749illegalimmigrantswere arrested. Large quantities of drugs were also seized. The Organised CrimeRepatriationUnitsuccessfullybroughtback188oftheseizedvehiclestoSouthAfrica.Thelatestintelligenceindicatesthattherearecurrentlyonlyfourmajormarketsforstolen vehicles manufactured in the RSA, namely Mozambique, Lesotho, Zambiaand,toalesserextent,Malawi.InformationathandindicatesthattheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo(DRC)isalsoagrowingmarket.

Ananalysisofthreatsfromorganisedcrimegroupsoverthepastdecadeidentifieddrug threatsasaccounting for the largestproportionof theknown threats. Drugsmugglingasanorganisedcrimeusuallytiesinwithotherdimensionsoforganisedcrime,suchasdiamonds,gold,abaloneandvehiclehijacking.Dependencyondrugscanbecomesoexpensivethatdrugusershavetocommitcrimetofeedtheirhabit(e.g.all kindsof theft, includingmotorvehicle theftandarmed robbery). Further-more,somedrugsmayleadtoviolentcrimesuchasmurder,attemptedmurder,rapeandallkindsofassault.Drugssuchascannabis,Mandrax,cocaine,heroin,Ecstacy,CATandTik-TikposemajorthreatstoSouthAfrica.

DETECTIVE SERVICES


Thechemicalmonitoringprogramme,responsibleformonitoringprecursorchemicalstopreventthediversionofchemicalsforthemanufactureofillicitdrugs,dealtwith295 import notifications of precursor chemicals to South Africa. A further 1 468exportnotificationsofprecursorchemicalswereforwardedtotherelevantforeignauthorities.Intheperiodunderreview,30clandestinenarcoticslaboratoriesweredetectedanddismantled.IllicitdrugstothevalueofR87million,includingcocaine,CATandTik-Tikwereconfiscated.

In2006/2007,934personswerearrestedfortheillegalpurchase,theftandposses-sionorpickingupofuncutdiamondsandunwroughtpreciousmetalstothevalueofR8363301.

Fiveorganisedcrimeprojectswere investigated.The investigationsfocusedonor-ganisedcrimenetworksinvolvedinthetheftofcopperwire.Threeoftheseprojectswereterminatedand13suspectswerearrested.Thesesuspectshadbeenresponsi-bleforstealingEskomandTelkomcablesoveraperiodoftime.TheOrganisedCrimecomponentisanactivememberofthe26Non-FerrousTheftCombatingCommittees(NFTCC),establishedinSouthAfricaasajointeffortbetweenallinterestedpartiesengagedinaddressingthetheftofnon-ferrousmetals,specificallycoppercable.

Atotalof62personswerearrested for illicit trafficking inendangeredspecies,partsorproducts,includingabalone,plants,rhinohorn,elephantivory,birdsandanimalproducts.ThevalueofthecommoditiesthatwereseizedisestimatedatR26345783.

Severalselectivedisruptiveoperationswereheldinsupportoftheorganisedcrimeprojectinvestigations.Theseoperationsfocusedonawidevarietyofcriminalactivi-ties,rangingfromillegalminingactivitiestothetheftofnon-ferrousmetalssuchascopperandaluminium.Duringtheseoperations698illegalminerswerearrestedand306casesopened;theyrangedfromtrespassingtothepossessionofgold-bearingmaterialandunwroughtpreciousmetals.462scrapmetaldealerswerevisitedand360tonsofstolenmaterialwithavalueof±R12millionwererecovered.176ar-restsweremadeforavarietyofcrimesandmaterialtothevalueofR4,7millionwasseized.

TocreateamorecoordinatedapproachbetweentheOrganisedCrimeunitsandtheAssetsForfeitureUnit(AFU),theOrganisedCrimecomponentmademembersavail-abletotheAFUforthepurposeofperforminginvestigationstotracetheassetsoftheorganisedcrimenetworks.TheAssetsForfeituretaskteamsreportedthefollowingsuccesses:146restrainingorders,327preservationordersand262forfeitureorderstothevalueofR36726939;theteamsalsoinvestigated2623newcases.

PROGRAMME 3


10.5.1.2 Chargesrelatingtocommercialcrime

TheCommercialBranchof theSAPS is responsible for investigating fraud, forgeryanduttering,andtheft(mostlytheftoftrustmoneyorfundsthatweremanipulatedtotheextentthattheservicesofacharteredaccountantarerequired).TheCommercialBranchisalsoresponsibleforenforcing54ActsofParliament,includingtheCompa-niesAct,1973(ActNo.61of1973),theCloseCorporationsAct,1984(ActNo.69of1984),theInsolvencyAct,1936(ActNo.24of1936),theMerchandiseMarksAct,1941(ActNo.17of1941),theCounterfeitGoodsAct,1997(ActNo.37of1997),theBanksAct,1990(ActNo.94of1990)andtheSouthAfricanReserveBankAct,1989(ActNo.90of1989),whichdealwithcounterfeitcurrencyandtheinvestigationofcorruptioninStatedepartmentsandtheprivatesector.

Theeffectivepreventionofcommercialcrime,aswellaslawenforcementanddeter-rentactioninrespectofthiskindofcrime,iscomplicatedbyseveralchallenges:

commercialcrimeismoredynamicthanever.Newfraudpatternsemergeswiftlyandcanquicklytransformandmigrate. Assoonasbusinessestakepreventivemeasuresagainstonekindoffraud,criminalsadoptalessriskyap-proachtothatkindoffraud.

Theboundary-freenatureofcertaincommercialcrimesmakes itdifficulttolocateoffenders.Investigationsareoftenhamperedbythecostofsendinginvestigatorsabroadorsecuringwitnessesfromabroadtotestifyincriminalproceedings.

Thefacelessnatureofcommercialcrimetodaycomplicatestheevidentiarylimitationsoftraditionalenforcementandinvestigation.Thetraditionalsmok-inggun,papertrial,eyewitnesstestimonyandevidentialaspectsarelessap-plicable today. Modern communication technology offers benefits but alsoheightensthepressureontheinvestigator,asevidencecandisappearquickly.

Ascommercialcrimerequiresspecialisedinvestigatingskills,eachCommer-cialBranch (excluding theSeriousEconomicOffencesUnit) hasoperationalgroups (within its structures) that are responsible for investigating specifickindsofcrime.Thefollowinggroupsoperatewithintheunit:

the banking-related crime group attends to offences relating to, amongotherthings,cheques,cards,motorvehiclefinancefraud,skimmingandvari-ousscams.

DETECTIVE SERVICES


the intellectual Property rights group concentrates on matters relatingto intellectualproperty rights, revenue, tradeand industryandblackdollars(counterfeitgoods).

theStatutesandfraudgroupdealswithmattersrelatingtostatutes,fraud(general),advancefeefraud(4-1-9letterscams)andotherfraudscams.

theSeriouscases,financialcrimesandcorruptiongroupdealswithmat-tersrelatingtoseriousandhigh-profilecases,financialcrimes,moneylaunder-ingandcorruption.

theelectroniccrimegroupconcentratesonmattersrelatingtocrimesthathavebeencommittedbyelectronicmeans(cybercrime–internetfraudcases).E-crimeisdealtwithbytheBanking-relatedCrimeGroup.

TheSeriouseconomicoffencesunitfocusesprimarilyontheeffectiveandefficient investigation of more serious economic offences that are large inscopeand/orofnationalinterest.

TheProceedsofcrimeinvestigationdeskwasestablishedforthepurposeofinvestigatingsuspicioustransactionreportswhicharereceivedfromtheFinan-cialIntelligenceCentreintermsoftheFinancialIntelligenceCentreAct,2001(ActNo38of2001).ReportsreceivedattheFICareanalysedandevaluatedandthereportsonsuspiciousactivitiesthathavebeenidentifiedaresent,interalia,totheProceedsofCrimeInvestigationDeskforfurtherinvestigation.

TheDeskisalsoresponsibleforreceiving,evaluatinganddisseminatingreportsonsuspectedcorruptactivitieswhichhavetobereportedbypersonsincertainpositionstoanypoliceofficialintermsofsection34ofthePreventionofCorruptionActivitiesAct,2004(ActNo.12of2004).

Commercialcrimesarebeingaddressedbymeansofthefollowing:

Partnerships(theSouthAfricanRevenueServices(SARS),forensicauditors,theFinancialServicesBoard,thePublicProsecutor,theofficeoftheAuditor-General,theMoney-launderingForum(MLF),theSouthAfricanReserveBank(SARB),theBankingCouncil,theCounterfeitGoodsImportsTaskGroup,theCreditCardForum(IACCI),andtheNationalProsecutingAuthority)

ANationalPriorityCommitteeonCommercialCrime

PROGRAMME 3


Preventive measures (such as awareness campaigns at targeted shoppingcentres)

SpecialisedCommercialCrimecourts

TheCommercialBranchreceived21477casesduringtheperiodunderreview(com-paredto16169in2005/2006)and7648personswerearrestedormadetheirfirstappearance incourt,comparedto5131 in2005/2006. (The latter includedcasescarriedoverfrompreviousyears.)Onaverage24,8%ofcasesrelatingtocommercialcrimewerereferredtocourt.Adetectionrateof38,8%wasachieved.Thefollowingtargetsweresetregardingcommercialcrimeinvestigationsforthe2006/2007finan-cialyear:casestocourt-22%-andadetectionrateof34%.AnanalysisindicatedthattheCommercialBranchhadachieveditstargets.

Table17providesanoverviewandabreakdownof thekindsofcommercialcrimecommitted,aswellastheinvestigativeprocessesfollowed.

DETECTIVE SERVICES


cr

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941

1019

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484

50

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terf

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oods

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,199

760

765

535

340

764

193

117

359

336

357

175

845

563

115

192

113

187

257

974

355

121

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er2

764

256

593

413

119

631

8386

229

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947

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531

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447

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539

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164

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926

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31

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736

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162

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337

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482

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284

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469

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000

352

523

603

TABL

E17

In

vest

igat

ion

ofc

omm

erci

alc

rime

case

s


10.5.1.3 Chargestocourtanddetectionrateforcrimesagainstwomenandchildren

(a) Persons18yearsandolder

Figuresonsomecontactcrimes (murder,attemptedmurder, rape,commonassault,assaultGBH, indecentassault)againstwomen(18yearsandolder)andchildren(undertheageof18years)whichoftenoccurinthedomestic/familyenvironmentareprovidedintable18.

Itisclearfromthetablethat,duringtheyearunderreview,adultwomenwerethevictimsof57,00%ofallreportedrapes,53,50%ofallreportedincidentsofcommonassaultand39,00%ofallreportedassaultsGBH.Afurther17,87%and14,80%of reportedattemptedmurdersandmurders respectivelywerecommittedagainstwomen.

Fromthetableitisevidentthatthetotalnumberofchargesreporteddecreasedby11723(-4,71%)incomparisonwiththesameperiodin2005/2006.Thebig-gestdecreaseinreportedchargeswasinrespectofcommonassault,namely7995(-6,64%).However,murdershowedanincreaseof193(7,29%).

Thechargesreferredtocourtincreasedby3,09%from41,77%to44,86%,withcommonassaultandassaultGBHindicatingthebiggest increase inchargesreferred tocourtwith5,07%and4,66%respectively. A targetof40%hadbeensetforthe2006/2007financialyear.TheaboveanalysisrevealsthattheSAPSmetthistarget.

Detectionratesof78,53%and75,13%wereachievedforcommonassaultandassaultGBHrespectivelyandtheoveralldetectionrateimprovedby1,22%to60,75%.Atargetof42%wassetforthedetectionrate.TheSAPSthereforemetthistarget.

(b) Personsyoungerthan18years

Fromthetableitisalsoclearthatchildrenwerethevictimsof42,99%ofallincidentsofreportedrape,11,19%ofallreportedincidentsofcommonassault,and9,37%ofall reported incidentsofassaultGBH. Childrenwerealso thevictimsof6,49%ofallattemptedmurdersand5,99%ofallmurders.

Fromthetableitisevidentthatthetotalnumberofchargesreporteddecreasedby3685(-4,76%) incomparisonwith2005/2006. Thebiggestdecrease in

DETECTIVE SERVICES


reported chargeswas in respect of commonassault (9,31%), whilemurderincreaseby77charges(7,16%).

Thechargesreferredtocourtincreasedby3,95%from41,16%to45,11%withassault GBH and common assault indicating the largest increases, namely6,15%and5,80%respectively.Atargetof30%hadbeensetforchargestocourt for the2006/2007financialyear. Theaboveanalysis reveals that theSAPSmetthistarget.

Detection rates of 72,82% and 71,19% were achieved for assault GBH andcommonassaultrespectively.Theoveralldetectionrateimprovedby1,09%to62,44%.Atargetof40%wassetforthedetectionrateandtheaboveanalysisrevealsthattheSAPSmetthistarget.

PROGRAMME 3


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152

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165

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125

2(1

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117

8(2

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2,61

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3,54

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378

130

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111

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2,35

44,4

546

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1,78

Rape

234

5322

625

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38

649

857

8-7

1-0

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128

74(4

0,10

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130

00(4

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2,09

56,5

656

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0,38

Com

mon

ass

ault

259

4123

526

-24

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608

84

272

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9,83

119

23(3

7,22

%)

120

91(4

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5,80

67,8

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,19

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208

7920

445

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86

144

439

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5214

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(50,

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173

(57,

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472

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41

513

142

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273

1(4

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271

5(4

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0,87

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8

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Mur

der

264

92

842

193

7,29

210

52

239

134

6,37

148

0(3

3,34

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153

29(3

2,65

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-0,6

937

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Att

empt

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744

360

1-1

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107

71

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170

0(3

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165

7(3

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0,35

49,1

948

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8

Rape

314

7329

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81-4

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729

67

758

462

6,33

127

49(4

0,98

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129

27(4

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-0,0

654

,27

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5-0

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Com

mon

ass

ault

120

376

112

381

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150

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11-2

6,64

546

45(4

6,01

%)

549

68(5

1,08

%)

5,07

72,6

975

,13

2,44

Ass

ault

GBH

871

4685

032

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14-2

,43

890

56

625

-22

80-2

5,60

463

05(5

9,40

%)

468

61(6

4,06

%)

4,66

75,8

378

,53

2,70

Inde

cent

ass

ault

373

63

553

-183

-4,9

099

290

0-9

2-9

,27

200

7(4

2,00

%)

187

3(4

2,06

%)

0,06

67,2

065

,91

-1,2

9

tota

l24

912

423

740

1-1

172

3-4

,71

354

3429

645

-57

89-1

6,34

118

886

41,7

7%)

119

818

44,8

6%)

3,09

59,5

360

,75

1,22

TABL

E18

Cr

imes

aga

inst

wom

ena

ndc

hild

ren


(c) FamilyViolence,ChildProtectionandSexualOffences(FCS)

TheFamilyViolence,ChildProtectionandSocialOffences(FCS)unitsoftheSAPS,togetherwithotherspecialisedunits,wereredeployedtostationleveltoensurecrimesarebeinginvestigatedwheretheyoccur.

TheFCSunitsof theSAPSare responsible for investigatingcrimessuchasassaultwiththe intenttodogrievousbodilyharm,attemptedmurder, rape,incest, indecentassault,commonassault,kidnapping,abduction,thesexualexploitationofchildrenandadultsintermsoftheSexualOffencesAct,1957(ActNo.23of1957,asamended),relevantcrimesintermsofthePreventionofFamilyViolenceAct,1993(ActNo.133of1993),theDomesticViolenceAct,1998(ActNo.116of1998)andtheFilmsandPublicationsAct,1996(ActNo.65of1996,asamended),wherethesecrimesrequirespecialisedinvestigativeskills.

TheroleoftheFCSunitsinpreventingthesecrimesislimited,becausetheyoccurmostlywithinaspecificsocialenvironment(suchasthefamily)towhichthepolicedonothavereadyaccess.However,theFCSunitsplayanimportantroleineducatingthepublic.TheFCSunitsusemeetings,articlesinthemediaandtalkstocreateanawarenessofthisissueatschools,universities,youthandchurchorganisations.BetweenApril2006andMarch2007,FCSmemberspresented1683lecturestochildrenandadultstoalertthecommunitytotheneedforcombatingsexualandviolentcrimes.

Overthepastfinancialyear,228SAPSmembersfromtheFCSunitsandtheDetectiveServiceattendedtheFamilyViolence,ChildProtectionandSexualOffencesInvestigatorsCourse(3weeks),while436members,aswellas29prosecutors,attendedthePolicingofChildPornographytrainingworkshop(2days).

Duringtheperiodunderreview,theFCSunitsdealtwith48949cases(com-prising3589enquiriesand45360dockets),whichledto25942arrests.Table19providesanoverviewof thecases thatwereconcluded in court for theperiod1April2006to31March2007.

ItmustbenotedthattheFCSunitsinvestigatecrimesofasexualandviolentnaturepertainingtoalladultsandchildren(althoughthesekindsofcasesarealsoinvestigatedbythegeneraldetectives).Theinvestigativeprocessregard-ingspecificcrimesrelatingtowomenandchildrenhasbeendescribedinpara-graphs10.5.1.3(a)and(b).

PROGRAMME 3


TABL

E19

O

utco

me

offa

mily

vio

lenc

ean

dse

xual

offe

nce

case

s

co

nv

icti

on

Sen

ten

ceS

cr

iMeS

ag

ain

St

ch

ild

ren

(un

der

18

yea

rS)

cr

iMeS

ag

ain

St

ad

ult

S(1

8ye

ar

Sa

nd

old

er)

tota

lc

hil

dr

en+

ad

ult

S

2005

/200

620

06/2

007

2005

/200

620

06/2

007

2005

/200

620

06/2

007

Num

bero

fcas

esfi

nalis

edin

cou

rt

259

91

954

144

91

305

404

83

259

Year

s’im

pris

onm

ent

141

169

722

776

7.5

858

821

883

.518

310

Life

impr

ison

men

t14

610

344

3819

014

1

Fine

sR7

475

60R8

062

40R5

763

60R4

139

00R1

323

920

R12

201

40

Year

s’c

orre

ctio

nals

uper

visi

on15

8.5

yrs

270

hour

s17

0yr

s68

66.5

yrs

16

hour

s22

6.5

yrs

270

hour

s23

6.5

yrs

16h

ours

Dec

lare

das

Pre

side

nt’s

pat

ient

124

43

167

Com

pens

atio

nto

be

paid

R18

500

to5

vic

tims

R23

000

to3

vic

tims

R20

00to

Chi

ldW

elfa

reR2

000

toC

hild

line

-R1

850

0to

5v

ictim

sR2

000

toC

hild

line

R23

000

to3

vic

tims

R20

00to

Chi

ldW

elfa

re

Case

spo

stpo

ned

fors

ente

ncin

g95

568

710

363

Refe

rred

tore

form

ator

ysc

hool

89

-1

810

Refe

rred

tod

iver

sion

pro

gram

mes

6833

514

7347

Case

s:W

arne

dan

ddi

scha

rged

3426

1014

3440

Com

mun

itys

ervi

ce2

240

hour

s/3

yea

rs69

0ho

urs

-30

0ho

urs

224

0ho

urs/

3ye

ars

990

hour

s

Case

sco

nver

ted

toC

hild

ren’

sCo

urtp

roce

edin

gs-

3-

--

3

Perio

dica

lim

pris

onm

ent

-1

500

hour

s-

350

hour

s-

185

0ho

urs

Hou

sea

rres

t5

year

s4

year

s-

5ye

ars

4ye

ars


10.5.2 Subprogramme:CriminalRecordCentre

10.5.2.1 Timetakentogeneratereportsofoffenders’previousconvictions

TheNationalCriminalRecordCentre(CRC) is responsible for identifyingandconfirminganypreviousconvictionsofsuspectsincrimesbeinginvestigatedbytheSouthAfricanPoliceService.

Duringthe2006/2007financialyear1001357crime-relatedfingerprinten-quirieswerereceived,ofwhich478430(47,78%)wereenquiriesthatledtopositiveidentification.

Given that turnaround time is of extreme importance to the South AfricanPoliceService,aswellasthegeneralpublic, itwasfoundthat,onaverage,86,48%ofthetotalnumberofenquiriesreceivedforpreviousconvictionre-portsweregeneratedwithin30days.

During theperiodunder review, a total of 912710enquiries not relating tocrimewerealso received. Theseenquiriesaremade inorder todeterminewhetherornotpersonsapplyingforfirearmlicences,professionaldriver’sper-mitsandforworkassecurityofficers,etchaveanycriminalrecords.Ofthisamount,17,86%(163096actualenquiries)resultedinpositiveidentificationaspersonswhowerelinkedtopreviousconvictions.

Inadditiontotheaboveenquiriesrelatingtocriminalandnon-criminalcases,atotalof339145caseswerereceivedforinvestigation.Ofthisnumber,31,51%(106867actualcases)werefoundtohavefingerprint-relatedevidence.Asaresultofthisevidence,atotalof21097caseswerepositivelyidentified.

10.5.3 Subprogramme:ForensicScienceLaboratory

TheForensicScienceLaboratory(FSL)rendersasupportservicetoinvestigatingofficersbyanalysinganyphysicalevidencethatiscollectedfromvariouscrimescenes.

10.5.3.1 Exhibitsanalysed

(a) IntegratedBallisticsIdentificationSystem(IBIS)

Inthecourseofthe2006/2007financialyear,theFSLreceived168732casesforanalysis.Ofthesecases8515projectiles,70694cartridgecasesand48449firearmswereplacedonIBIS,andatotalof18599positive“hits”weremade.AnewserverissoontobeinstalledinPreto-riawhichwillenabletheBallisticsSectiontocarryoutnationalcorrela-

PROGRAMME 3


tionofallIBISexhibitsthateachBallisticsUnitexamines,regardlessofthelocationoftheIBISlaboratory.Thenewserverwillenhanceservicedeliverybyimprovingthenumberof“hits”thataremadethroughIBIS.ItwasexpectedtobecomeoperationalinJune/July2007.

(b) DNAanalysis

During theperiodunder review, theBiologySection received52486itemsof biologicalmaterial that needed tobeexamined. During thesameperiod, 48670caseswereconcluded. Of the total numberofcasesreceived,7036casesweresubmitted for thepurposeofDNAanalysis.

AccordingtotheDNACriminal IntelligenceDatabase(DCID),35inter-case10“hits”and1248intra-case11“hits”havebeenidentified.Itmustbenotedthatitispossibleformultiplesamplestobelinkedtothesamecase.

Inthesecondhalfof2006,theBiologySectionoccupieditsnewlabo-ratory facilities in Arcadia. This facility is comparable to the best intheworldandisequippedwithdevicessuchasclosed-circuitcamera-monitoringsystemsandbiometricaccesscontroldevicesatentrancesandexitsinordertoensurethesafekeepingofexhibitmaterialandcasefiles.Thelaboratorylayoutalsofollowsbestpracticesasfarastheuseofspacefortheexaminationofexhibitmaterialandthepreventionofcross-contaminationisconcerned.Thenew,completedstoragefacil-ityaddressestheimmediate,acuteandshort-termarchivingneedsforcasefiles.TheElectronicManagementSystemwasalsoimplementedto manage the continuation of possession (chain-of-custody) of casefiles. This system replaced the outdated and inefficient system thatusedelaboratehand-writtenregisterstoperformthesamefunction.

Inthefirsthalfof2007anautomatedDNAanalysissystem(GSPS)wasbrought into operation. Todatemore than6500casework sampleshavebeensubmittedforanalysisbythissystem.ThesystemhasnowcapacitatedtheBiologySectiontosuchanextentthatallDNAsamplesinthepresentcaseloadoftheBiologySectioncanbeanalysed.

10. Inter-casehitsrefertohitsmadebetweenthesamekindofcases,e.g.murderandmurder.

11. Intra-casehitsrefertohitsmadebetweencasesthataredifferentinnature,e.g.murderandrape.Thesestatisticsmaybehighduetothelargenumberof

crimesampleslinkedtothesamecase.

DETECTIVE SERVICES


(c) ChemistrySection

Drugs

The Chemistry Section of the Forensic Science Laboratory isresponsible for theanalysisof suspected illegal substances,aswellasothersubstancesthatneedtobeanalysedfurther.Theanalysisof illegalsubstancesdoneby theChemistrySection islistedintable11.23304caseswerereceivedforanalysisfromJanuary2006toDecember2006.12962casesofthesewereconcluded.

BetweenJanuary2006andDecember200644clandestinelabo-ratorieswereinvestigated.

Toxicology

373 cases were received in 2006/2007, ofwhich7 havebeenconcludedtodate.

FireInvestigation

704caseswerereceivedduringtheperiodunderreview,ofwhich65wereconcluded.193firesceneswereattendedtonationallyduringtheperiodunderreview.

(d) QuestionedDocumentsSection

The Questioned Documents Section received 16 546 cases in the2006/2007financialyear.

Fraudcases

Thetotalvalueofallthefraudcasesreceived,whichweresubse-quentlyexamined,amountedtoR114168022,38.

CounterfeitBankNotes

141042SouthAfricanbanknoteswitha total facevalueofR13262360werereceivedforexaminationduringtheperiodunderreview.

PROGRAMME 3


4595USAbanknoteswithatotalfacevalueof$41040werereceivedforexaminationduringtheperiodunderreview.

In summary, the FSL carried over 65 019 cases from the2005/2006 financial year into the 2006/2007 financial year.Duringthe2006/2007financialyear,anadditional202733caseswerereceivedbytheFSLforanalysis,bringingthetotalnumberofcasestobedealtwithto267792.

Duringthe2006/2007financialyear,analystsconcluded214821cases.Ofthese214821cases,197635caseswereconcludedwithin35dayswhich,whenreducedtoapercentage,translatesinto92%ofthecasesthatwereconcludedwithin35days.

During the 2006/2007 planning cycle, the FSL recruited 163operationaland32supportpersonnel.Unfortunately,duringthesameperiod,70operationaland50supportpersonnelwerelost.

Inadditiontothenewpersonnel, theFSLalsoreceivedvariousitemsofequipmenttoenhancechemical,scientificandballisticanalyses.

AnewExhibitsManagementSystem(EMS)wasalsointroduced,addingsignificantlytotheeffectivenessandefficiencyofsupportpersonnelas farasthemanagementofexhibitswithintheFSLenvironmentisconcerned.

The Biology Section relocated to Arcadia as soon as the labo-ratory intheoldAndrewMcColmHospital inArcadiahadbeencompleted. This resulted in more space and a better workingenvironmentbecomingavailable,notonlytotheBiologySection,inthenewArcadialaboratory,butalsointheChemistrySectionwhich is now using the laboratories that were vacated by theBiologySectionattheSilvertonLaboratory.AssoonastheArca-dia laboratorywascommissioned,theautomatedDNAanalysissystemreferredtoearliercouldbecomefullyfunctional.

TheproductivityoftheFSLis increasing,whichmeansthattheFSLisabletostartaddressingthebacklogthathasaccumulatedovertheyears.

DETECTIVE SERVICES

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