Alternative Approach to System s Analysis Structured analysis
1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
-
Upload
tarek-bassiouny -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
0
Transcript of 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
1/46
Software Engineering
Structured AnalysisPREPARED BY: DOAA DORGHAM
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
2/46
Structured Analysis
t focuses on s!ecifying w"at t"e syste# or a!!lication is re$uired to do% &o descri'e w"at t"e custo#er re$uires%
&o esta'lis" a 'asis for creation of a software design%
&o de(ne a set of re$uire#ents t"at can 'e )alidated once t"e software is '
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
3/46
Structure of t"e Analysis Model
DataDictionary
State – TransitionDiagram
(STD)
Entity –Relationship
Diagram
(ERD)
Data –Flow
Diagram
(DFD)
Control Specification
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
4/46
Data Dictionary
,ore of t"e Model% &"e centrali-ed collection of infor#ation a'out data. repository t"at conta
descri!tions of all data o'/ects consu#ed or !roduced 'y t"e software%
t "el!s 0ee!ing wor0 of !rogra##ers and designers sync"roni-ed w"ile usisa#e o'/ect reference e)eryw"ere in t"e !rogra#%
t re#o)es any c"ances of a#'iguity%
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
5/46
Data Dictionary ,ontents
Name t"e !ri#ary na#e of t"e data or control ite#. t"e data store or an e2ternal entity
Alias
ot"er na#es used for t"e (rst entry
Where usedhow used
a listing of t"e !rocesses t"at use t"e data or control ite# and "ow it is used 3e%g
to t"e !rocess. out!ut fro# t"e !rocess. as a store. as an e2ternal entity !ontent description
a notation for re!resenting content
Supplementary in"ormation
ot"er infor#ation a'out data ty!es. !reset )alues 3if 0nown4. restrictions or li#itaand so fort"
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
6/46
Data Dictionary 6otation
6otation Meaning
7 is co#!osed of
89n Re!etition for n ti#es
34 O!tional
And
; ,o##ent
? @ni$ue 0ey 3identi(er4
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
7/46
Data Dictionary E2a#!le
6a#e: tele!"one nu#'er Aliases: none
"ere usedC "ow used: assess against setu! 3out!ut4
dial !"one 3out!ut4
Descri!tion:
tele!"one nu#'er 7 ;local nu#'er < long distance nu#'er=
local nu#'er 7 !re(2 access nu#'er
long distance nu#'er 7 1 area code local nu#'er
area code 7 ;FF < < 2y-=
!re(2 7 > a t"ree digit nu#'er t"at ne)er starts wit" F or 1 >
access nu#'er 7 > any four nu#'er string >
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
8/46
Entity Relations"i! Diagra# 3ERD4
Data #odeling%
Relations"i! 'etween data o'/ects%
Attri'utes of eac" data o'/ect can 'e descri'ed using a data o'/ect descri!t
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
9/46
Data Modeling 3ERD4
"at are t"e !ri#ary data o'/ects to 'e !rocessed 'y t"e syste#
"at is t"e co#!osition of eac" data o'/ect and w"at attri'utes descri'e t"o'/ect
"ere do t"e o'/ects currently reside
"at is t"e relations"i! 'etween eac" o'/ect and ot"er o'/ects
"at is t"e relations"i! 'etween t"e o'/ects and t"e !rocesses t"at transfot"e#
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
10/46
Data O'/ects. Attri'utes J Relations"i!s
Data o'/ect
re!resentation of al#ost any co#!osite infor#ation t"at #ust 'e understood 'ysoftware
,o#!osite infor#ation
nu#'er of diKerent !ro!erties or attri'utes
Data o'/ect descri!tion incor!orates t"e data o'/ect and all of its attri'utes
Relations"i!s are always de(ned 'y t"e conte2t of t"e !ro'le# 'eing analy
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
11/46
Data O'/ects. Attri'utes J Relations"i!3cont%4
Objects: Attributes Relationsh
Name
Address
Age
Driver’s license number
Own
a!e
odel
"D number
#od$ t$pe
Color
11
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
12/46
Data O'/ects
E2ternal entity Lanyt"ing t"at !roduces or consu#es infor#ation
&"ing 3e%g%. car. re!orts. dis!lays. signals4
Occurrence or e)ents 3e%g%. tele!"one call. interru!t. alar#4
Role 3e%g%. student. #anager. engineer. sales!erson4
Organi-ational unit 3e%g%. De!t% ,S. di)ision. tea#4
Place 3e%g%. AAS& A'u R. #anufacturing Noor4
Structure 3e%g%. students (le. e#!loyee record4
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
13/46
Data O'/ects
a!e odel "D% #od$
&$pe
Color Owner
'e(us 'S )** A#+,-. Sedan /hite RS0
12/2 #eetle 3)45. Sports 0in! 10
#/ 64*"' 37654. Coupe #lue 88
9ord &aurus +,A4. Sedan /hite D8
identi(er
6a#ing Attri'utes
Descri!ti)eAttri'utes
ReferentAttri'ute
nstance
Data o'/ects are fre$uently re!resented as a ta'le
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
14/46
Attri'utes
De(ne !ro!erties of a data o'/ect
&a0e on one of t"ree diKerent c"aracteristics
6a#e an instance of t"e data o'/ect
Descri'e t"e instance
Ma0e reference to anot"er instance in anot"er ta'le
One or #ore attri'utes #ust 'e de(ned as an identi#er w"ic" 'eco#es $ew"en we want to (nd an instance of t"e data o'/ect
&"e set of attri'utes is deter#ined t"roug" understanding of t"e !ro'le# co
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
15/46
Relations"i!s
Displa$s
Stoc!s
Sells
Returns
Boo0 Boo0store
Orders
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
16/46
,ardinality
%ne&to&one ('')
or e2a#!le. if eac" custo#er in a data'ase is associated wit" one #ailing addre
%ne&to&many (')
or e2a#!le. a single custo#er #ig"t !lace an order for #ulti!le !roducts% &"e cuis associated wit" #ulti!le entities. 'ut all t"ose entities "a)e a single connectionto t"e sa#e custo#er%
any&to&many (N)
or e2a#!le. at a co#!any w"ere all call center agents wor0 wit" #ulti!le custo#eac" agent is associated wit" #ulti!le custo#ers. and #ulti!le custo#ers #ig"t aassociated wit" #ulti!le agents%
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
17/46
Modality
' ( + )
if an occurrence of t"e relations"i! is #andatory
, ( )
if t"ere is no e2!licit need for t"e relations"i! to occur or t"e relations"i! is o!tion
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
18/46
,ardinality and Modality E2a#!le
Eac" faculty #e#'er ad-ises many students. eac" student has only one ad
E)ery faculty #e#'er may not .e an ad-isor. eac" student must ha-e an a
aculty Student
,ardinality: One ,ardinality: Many
odality mandatory odality optional
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
19/46
ERD E2a#!le 1 3A&M4
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
20/46
ERD E2a#!le * 3,ar Manufacturing4
Dealership
Shipper
anu"acturer
'uild
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
21/46
ERD E2a#!le * 3cont%4
Dealership
Shipper
anu"acturer
'uild
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
22/46
ERD E2a#!le +
1 instance of sales re! ser)ices F to #any custo#ers%
1 instance of custo#ers !laces1 to #any orders%
1 instance of an order lists 1 to #any !roducts%
1 instance of ware"ouse stores F to #any !roducts%
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
23/46
unctional Modeling and nfor#ationlow 3DD4
t is a tool 3and ty!e of !rocess #odel4
t"at s"ows t"e Now of data t"roug" asyste# and t"e wor0 or !rocessing!erfor#ed 'y t"at syste#%
unctional #odeling and infor#ation Now%
ndicates "ow data are transfor#ed ast"ey #o)e t"roug" t"e syste#%
S"ows t"e functions t"at transfor# t"e
data Now% Eac" function descri!tion is contained in a
!rocess s!eci(cation%
All na#es #ust 'e uni$ue
6ot a Now c"art L no order i#!lied
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
24/46
DiKerence 'etween DD and lowc"arts
Processes on DDs can o!erate in !arallel 3att"esa#eti#e4
Processes on Nowc"arts e2ecute one at a ti#e%
DDs s"ow t"e Now of data t"roug" a syste#
lowc"arts s"ow t"e Now of control 3se$uence and transfer of co
Processes on one DD can "a)e diKerent ti#ing
Processes on Nowc"arts are !art of a single !rogra# wit" consistti#ing
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
25/46
DD 3,O6&%4
Producer or consu#er of infor#ation t"at resides outside t"e
t"e syste# to 'e #odeled% E2ternal entities are sources and dof t"e syste#Qs in!uts and out!uts%
&ransfor#s inco#ing data Now into outgoing data Now%
A data o'/ect t"e arrow"ead indicates t"e direction of data Now
arrows wit" t"e na#e of t"e data t"at #o)es t"roug" it%
A re!ository of data t"at is to 'e stored for use 'y one or #oreMay 'e as si#!le as a 'uKer or $ueue or as so!"isticated as data'ase% &"ey are so#eti#es also referred to as (les%
E/ternalEntity
0rocess
Data Store
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
26/46
DD Guidelines and Rules
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
27/46
llegal TS ,orrect data Nows
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
28/46
,onte2t Diagra#s
t is called le)el F DD. also called a
funda#ental syste# #odel% t is a to! le)el data Now diagra#%
t only contains one !rocess node 3!rocessF4 t"at generali-es t"e function of t"eentire syste# in relations"i! to e2ternalentities%
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
29/46
DD e)els 3Deco#!osition of DDs4
Data Now diagra#s are drawn in se)eral
nested layers Draw t"e conte2t diagra# (rst. followed
'y )arious layers of data Now diagra#s%
A single !rocess node on a "ig" le)eldiagra# can 'e e2!anded to s"ow #oredetailed data Now diagra#. it #ig"tcontain ()e or si2 'u''les wit"interconnecting arrows eac" of t"e!rocesses re!resented at le)el 1 are su'functions of t"e o)erall syste# de!icted int"e conte2t #odel
,ontinues until no su'!rocess can logically 'e'ro0en down any furt"er%
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
30/46
DD E2a#!le 1
@sers
De)elo!ers
Managers
1eneratere2uests Pro'le# State#
@ser nter)iews
Do#ain Unowledge
Realworld E2!erience
3uild odels
Data #odelunctional #odBe"a)ior #ode
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
31/46
DD E2a#!le * irst Re(ne#ent
,usto#er0rocessorders
Pac0age data
,usto#er data
Order
n)oice
,redit status
Pac0age details
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
32/46
DD E2a#!le * Second Re(ne#ent
,usto#er
Terifyorder
Pac0age data
,usto#er data
Order
,redit status
Pac0age details
Asse#'leorders
n)oice
Pac0agein "and
Pending orders
Pac0ageto 'e ordered
Su!!lier
Place orderat su!!lier
Reco
Address ortele!"one nu#'er
Pacsen
Batc"ed
order
Pac0age recei)ed
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
33/46
,onte2t Diagra# E2a#!le 3Registration
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
34/46
DD e)el F
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
35/46
E2!losion of Process
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
36/46
DD E2a#!le * 3nsurance ,lai#s4
DD E2a#!le + 3Hoosier BurgerVs food
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
37/46
DD E2a#!le + 3Hoosier BurgerVs foodordering syste#4
e)el F
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
38/46
DD E2a#!le + 3cont%4
e)el 1
S"ows t"e deco#!osition of Process %Ffro# t"e le)el F
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
39/46
DD E2a#!le + 3cont%4
e)el *
S"ows t"e deco#!osition of Process %+ fro# t"e le)el1 diagraProcess %F
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
40/46
Be"a)ioral Modeling 3S&D4
t re!resents t"e 'e"a)ior of a syste# 'y s"owing its states and t"e e)ents
cause syste# to c"ange state ndicates t"e actions 3e%g%. !rocess acti)ation4 ta0en as a conse$uence of a
!articular e)ent
Does not s"ow t"e Now of data wit"in t"e syste#
State
any o'ser)a'le #ode of 'e"a)ior S&D indicates "ow t"e syste# #o)es fro# statstate
Relations"i! 'etween unctional and
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
41/46
Relations"i! 'etween unctional andBe"a)ioral Models
DD
Processs!ec
unctional
3!rocess order4
S&D
,ontrols!ec
Be"a)ior3control4 #odel
Data in!ut
Process
acti)ators
,ontrol out!ut
Data out!ut
Dataconditions
,ontrol in!ut
Re!resents daand t"e !rocest"at #ani!ulat
S"ows "ow e)enta#ong !rocesses
illustrate e2tere)ents t"at cau
)arious !rocesses
acti)ated
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
42/46
@M State Diagra#
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
43/46
S&D E2a#!le 1 3&T 4
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
44/46
S&D E2a#!le * 3Hotel Reser)ation4
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
45/46
S&D E2a#!le + 3Re!air Radio4
-
8/17/2019 1- Structured Analysis SECTION.pptx
46/46
S&D E2a#!le 3 P"otoco!ier Software4
Readingco##ands
Diagnosing!ro'le#
Ma0ing co!ies
Reloading!a!er
ull and start
n)o0e #anageco!ying
,o!ies done
n)o0e reado!in!ut
e#!ty
n)o0e reload !a!er
Wa##ed
n)o0e !erfor# !ro'le#diagnosis
ull
n)o0e reado!in!ut
6ot /a##ed
n)o0e reado!in!ut
idle
4n-o$e read&op&input
E)ent t"at causetransition to occu
Actionoccursconset"e e)