Plural nouns thöôøng ñöôïc thaønh laäp baèng caùch theâm –s day, days house, houses girl, girls

NHÖÕNG CAÙCH HÌNH THAØNH SOÁ NHIEÀU KHAÙC

Nouns taän cuøng ch, sh, ss, x theâm -es coù töø taän

cuøng -x theâm -es hoaëc ñoåi thaønh -ces

church, churches brush, brushes bus, buses kiss, kisses box, boxes. . .

appendix, appendixes / appendices (ruoät thöøa, phuï luïc)index, indexes / indices (baûn phuï luïc) . . .

Nouns taän cuøng phuï aâm + y ñoåi thaønh -ies

city, cities lady, ladies difficulty, difficulties penny, pennies (ñoàng xu). . .

Nouns taän cuøng ‘o’ theâm -es

moät soá töø chæ theâm -s

moät soá töø theâm

-s hoaëc -es

echo, echoes hero, heroes potato, potatoes tomato, tomatoes . . . (tieáng vang) (anh huøng)

auto, autos (xe hôi) kilo, kilos studio, studios tattoo, tattoos (hình xaâm)photo, photos piano, pianos radio, radios zoo, zoos . . .

mosquito, mosquitos / mosquitoes (muoãi) tornado, tornados / tornadoes (con loác)volcano, volcanos / volcanoes (nuùi löûa) zero, zeros / zeroes . . .

Nouns taän cuøng ‘f, fe’ñoåi thaønh -ves moät soá töø

chæ theâm -s

calf, calves (con beâ) loaf, loaves (oå baùnh) leaf, leaves (caùi laù)knife, knives (con dao) life, lives (cuoäc ñôøi) wife, wives (vôï) . . .

belief, beliefs (nieàm tin) chief, chiefs (seáp) cliff, cliffs (vaùch ñaù) . . .

Nouns taän cuøng -on, ñoåi thaønh -a

criterion, criteria (tieâu chuaån) phenomenon, phenomena (hieän töôïng) . . .

Nouns taän cuøng -umñoåi thaønh -a moät soá töø

hoaëc theâm -s hoaëc ñoåi thaønh -a

bacterium, bacteria (vi truøng) datum, data (döõ lieäu) . . .

gymnasium, gymnasiums / gymnasia (phoøng taäp theå duïc) medium, mediums / media (truyeàn thoâng)

memorandum, memorandums / memoranda (thö noäi boä) . . .

Nouns taän cuøng -isñoåi thaønh -es

analysis, analyses (phaân tích) basis, bases (cô baûn) crisis, crises (khuûng hoaûng) . . .

Nouns taän cuøng -usñoåi thaønh -i

cactus, cactuses / cacti (xöông roàng) stimulus, stimuluses / stimuli (ñoäng löïc)syllabus, syllabuses / syllabi (chöông trình hoïc) radius, radiuses / radii (baùn

p 1

hoaëc -es kính)...Nouns taän cuøng -atheâm -s hoaëc -e

formula, formulas / formulae (coâng thöùc) vertebra, vertebras / vertebrae (ñoát soáng) . . .

Nouns coù hình thöùc soá nhieàu khoâng thay ñoåi

a deer, 2 deer (con nai) a fish, 2 fish (con caù) a sheep, 2 sheep (cöøu) . . .

Nouns vöøa soá ít vöøa laø soá nhieàu taän cuøng -s

a means, 2 means (phöông tieän) a series, 2 series (loaït; boä) a species, 2 species (loaøi; gioáng) . . .

Nouns luoân luoân laø soá nhieàu taän cuøng -s

clothes, pyjamas, pants (quaàn), trousers (quaàn), jeans, breeches (quaàn löûng),spectacles (caëp kính), glasses (caëp kính), binoculars (oáng nhoøm), scissors (caùi keùo), arms (vuõ khí), earnings (thu nhaäp), savings (tieàn tieát kieäm), goods (haøng hoùa), greens (rau),outskirts (ngoaïi oâ), stairs (caàu thang), surroundings (boái caûnh), spirits (röôïu) . . .

Nouns luoân luoân laø soá nhieàu khoâng taän cuøng -s

aircraft (maùy bay), craft (maùy bay, phi thuyeàn, taøu beø), police, people . . .

Nouns luoân luoân laø soá ít, taän cuøng -s

news (tin töùc) politics (chính trò) economics (kinh teá) physics (vaät lyù)statistics (thoáng keâ) mumps (beänh quai bò) billiards (bi da) dominoes . . .

Nouns coù hình thöùc soá nhieàu baát quy taéc (irregular)

man, woman, child, ox (traâu boø)ø mouse (chuoät nhaét), louse (chí, raän) foot, toothmen, women, children, oxen, mice lice feet, teeth

Danh töø keùp (Compound nouns) theâm –s sau töø thöù 2 danh töø keùp

vôùi man, woman caû hai töø ñeàu soá nhieàu

travel agents (nhaân vieân du lòch), lady-killers (ngöôøi ñaøn oâng laøm phuï nöõ cheát meâ cheát meät), break-ins (thôøi gian thöû vieäc), twin rooms (phoøng 2 giöôøng) . . .

a man driver men driversa woman teacher women teachers . . .

danh töø keùp khaùc

hangers-on (keû xu nònh) , lookers-on (ngöôøi xem), runners-up (ngöôøi haïng nhì trong cuoäc thi hay baàu cöû), sisters-in-law (chò/ em daâu), ladies-in-waiting (tyø nöõ) . . .

Uncountable Nouns khoâng coù hình thöùc soá nhieàu; chæ ôû soá ít khoâng ñi vôùi a / an / one

I like meat. They need some good equipment. He bought his clothing. The postage is expensive.

p 2

Nhöõng Uncountable Nouns thoâng thöôøngTöø ñaïi dieän cho theå loaïibaggage or luggage :

haønh lyùclothing : quaàn aùoequipment : thieát bòfurniture : ñoà ñaïcgarbage or rubbish :

raùchardware : phaàn cöùng jewelry : nöõ trang

machinery : maùy moùcpostage : böu phímail : thö tínmoney : tieàncash : tieàn maëtchange : tieàn leû; tieàn thoái laïi

Töø theo nhoùm Chaát loûng: water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, blood (maùu) etc. Chaát raén, kim loaïi: ice, bread, butter, cheese, meat, gold, iron, silver, wool, etc. Chaát khí: steam (hôi nöôùc), air, oxygen, nitrogen, smoke, etc. Chaát haït, sôïi: rice, chalk (phaán), corn (baép), dust (buïi), flour (boät), grass (coû), hair,

pepper (tieâu), salt, sugar, etc.

Ngoân ngöõ: Chinese; Vietnamese, English etc. Moân hoïc: chemistry, engineering, mathematics, psychology etc. Moân chôi: music, baseball, football, soccer, chess, tennis, etc. Hieän töôïng thieân nhieân: weather, fog, heat, humidity (ñoä aåm), rain, snow, thunder

(saám), light, wind etc.

Töø tröøu töôïng beauty, confidence (töï tin), education (giaùo duïc), intelligence, patience (kieân nhaãn), work,

homework, advice, information, news, evidence (baèng chöùng), pollution (söï oâ nhieãm) etc.

Mixed nouns laø töø vöøa countable vöøa uncountable nouns nhöng nghóa thöôøng thay ñoåi.

Sau ñaây laø moät soá ví duï:Uncountable Nouns Countable Nouns

coffee / coffees Give me a cup of coffee. Give me 3 coffees (3 cups of coffee).

food / foods Food is necessary for our lives. (Thöïc phaåm; ñoà aên)

It’s good for our health if we eat different foods. (caùc loaïi thöùc aên khaùc nhau)

fruit / fruits I like eating fruit (traùi caây) There are many fruits in the basket. (caùc loaïi traùi)

glass / glasses Glass (thuyû tinh) is easy to break.

a glass of water (1 ly nöôùc)

iron/ irons Iron (saét) is a hard metal. Buy a new iron (moät caùi baøn uûi.)

chicken / chickens I bought some chicken. (thòt I am raising some chickens (con gaø.)ø

p 3

gaø)øart / arts Art is often called an imitation of life.

(Ngheä thuaät) I read a book about the folk arts of Sweden.

(caùc loai hình ngheä thuaät daân gian)

life / lives Life (cuoäc soáng) is precious. A boat could have saved many lives (maïng soáng)

pizza/ pizzas I like to eat pizza (baùnh pizza) How many pizzas (caùi baùnh) should we order?

religion/ religions Religion has a powerful force in

history.

Many religions are practiced in the United States.

(Nhieàu loaïi toân giaùo) CHUÙ GIAÛI Noùi chung ña soá nouns coù hai tröôøng hôïp treân. Baïn caàn phaûi tra töï ñieån ñeå

bieát roõ yù nghóa khaùc nhau cuûa soá ít vaø soá nhieàu.

p 4