SINGULAR

PLURAL

MASC.

FEM.

SINGULAR

PLURAL

MASC.

FEM.

DEFINITE ARTICLES

INDEFINITE ARTICLES

Choose the correct definite article.

el / la el / la el / lael / lael / lael / lael / lael / lael / lael / la

unaunaununaununununaunauna

bolafiestadocumentoventanalápizvasomundoizquierdaselvaavenida

ADJECTIVESADJECTIVES

Nouns (un repaso)Nouns (un repaso)

We can learn 3 important pieces of information from a NOUN:

Examples:

1. DEFINITION

2. GENDER (male, female)

3. NUMBER (singular, plural)

Conejo

1. Rabbit

2. Male

3. Singular

THE DEFINITION AND THE GENDER OF A NOUN WILL NEVER, EVER, EVER, EVER CHANGE!!!

How can you tell…How can you tell…The NUMBER of a noun? EXAMPLES

•If it ends in “s”, its probably PLURAL

•If it does not end with “s”, its probably SINGULAR

•Libros, mujeres, computadoras

•Pelo, familia, papel

How can you tell…How can you tell…The GENDER of a noun? EXAMPLES

•O= Masculine

•A=Feminie

•E= maybe MASCULINE and FEMININE

*If you’re not sure, you should look up the word (when in doubt, the dictionary is your friend!!!)

*There are some irregulars that break the rules…they must be memorized.

•Chico, hombro, libro

•Chica, nota, blusa

•Estudiante, paciente, cliente

*suéter, ratón, jersey

*el agua, el mapa, el problema, el artista, el aguila

ADJECTIVES…ADJECTIVES…

We can learn 3 important pieces of information from an ADJECTIVE:

Examples:

1. DEFINITION

2. GENDER (male, female)

3. NUMBER (singular, plural)

amarillo

1. yellow

2. male

3. singularTHE GENDER AND THE NUMBER OF AN ADJECTIVE WILL ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS CHANGE!!!

Adjectives must match the NUMBER Adjectives must match the NUMBER and the GENDER of the noun they and the GENDER of the noun they describe!!!!describe!!!!

HOW?!?!?!HOW?!?!?!

Every adjective can have up to 4 Every adjective can have up to 4 forms…forms…

ADJECTIVES…ADJECTIVES…

TallTall•AltoAlto•AltaAlta•AltosAltos•AltasAltas

4 forms of an 4 forms of an ADJECTIVE…ADJECTIVE…

•Masculine, singularMasculine, singular•Feminine, singularFeminine, singular•Masculine, pluralMasculine, plural•Feminine, pluralFeminine, plural

GENDER / NUMBER

***If an ADJECTIVE ends with an “o”, you can change it to “a” to make it FEMININE (and vice versa to make it masculine).

***If an ADJECTIVE ends with a vowel, add “s” to make it plural.

EstupidoEstupido•EstupidoEstupido•EstupidaEstupida•EstupidosEstupidos•EstupidasEstupidas

4 forms of an 4 forms of an ADJECTIVE…ADJECTIVE…

•Masculine, singularMasculine, singular•Feminine, singularFeminine, singular•Masculine, pluralMasculine, plural•Feminine, pluralFeminine, plural

GENDER / NUMBER

***If an ADJECTIVE ends with an “o”, you can change it to “a” to make it FEMININE (and vice versa to make it masculine).

***If an ADJECTIVE ends with a vowel, add “s” to make it plural.

StrongStrong•FuerteFuerte•FuerteFuerte•FuertesFuertes•FuertesFuertes

4 forms of an 4 forms of an ADJECTIVE…ADJECTIVE…

•Neutral, singularNeutral, singular•Neutral, singularNeutral, singular•Neutral, pluralNeutral, plural•Neutral, pluralNeutral, plural

GENDER / NUMBER

***If an ADJECTIVE ends with an “e”, it is NEUTRAL (both male and female). There is no need to change its gender

***If an ADJECTIVE ends with a vowel, add “s” to make it plural.

Hard WorkingHard Working

•trabajadortrabajador•trabajadoratrabajadora•trabajadorestrabajadores•trabajadorastrabajadoras

4 forms of an 4 forms of an ADJECTIVE…ADJECTIVE…

•Masculine, singularMasculine, singular•Feminine, singularFeminine, singular•Masculine, pluralMasculine, plural•Feminine, pluralFeminine, plural

GENDER / NUMBER

***If an adjective ends with a CONSONANT, you can add “a” (to make it feminine (by default, it is considered masculine).

***If an adjective ends with a CONSONANT, add “es” to make it plural.

How do you match the How do you match the ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?

1. First know the GENDER and NUMBER of the noun. (remember this never changes)

2. Know how you will describe it (let’s say “white rabbit”)

3. Add the adjective AFTER the noun

1. El CONEJO = rabbit

MASCULINE and SINGULAR

2. BLANCO = white

MASCULINE and SINGULAR

3. El CONEJO BLANCO (white rabbit)

How do you match the How do you match the ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?

1. First know the GENDER and NUMBER of the noun. (remember this never changes)

2. Know how you will describe it (let’s say “pretty woman”)

3. Change the adjective to match the noun (if it ends in “o”, change it to “a”.)

4. Write the adjective after the noun

1. La Mujer = woman

FEMININE and SINGULAR

2. BONITO = pretty

MASCULINE and SINGULAR

3. BONITO => BONITA

4. LA MUJER BONITA

How do you match the How do you match the ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?

1. First know the GENDER and NUMBER of the noun. (remember this never changes)

2. Know how you will describe it (let’s say “large bags / purses”)

3. Change the adjective to match the noun (if it’s neutral, we don’t worry about gender, add “s” to make it plural).

4. Write the adjective after the noun

1. Las Bolsas = purses / bags

FEMININE and PLURAL

2. Grande = large

NEUTRAL and SINGULAR

3. GRANDE => GRANDES

4. LAS BOLSAS GRANDES

Práctica – How do you Práctica – How do you say…say…

Short boyShort boy

Short girlShort girl

Short boysShort boys

Short girlsShort girls

Strong manStrong man

Strong womanStrong woman

Strong menStrong men

Strong womenStrong women

Green shirtGreen shirt

Green shoeGreen shoe

Green shirtsGreen shirts

Green shoesGreen shoes

Lazy male catLazy male cat

Lazy female catLazy female cat

Lazy male catsLazy male cats

Lazy female catsLazy female cats

Chico bajoChico bajo

Chica bajaChica baja

Chicos bajosChicos bajos

Chicas bajasChicas bajas

Hombre fuerteHombre fuerte

Mujer fuerteMujer fuerte

Hombres fuertesHombres fuertes

Mujeres fuertesMujeres fuertes

Camisa verdeCamisa verde

Zapato verdeZapato verde

Camisas verdesCamisas verdes

Zapatos verdesZapatos verdes

Gato perezosoGato perezoso

Gata perezosaGata perezosa

Gatos perezososGatos perezosos

Gatas perezosasGatas perezosas

1.1. The Tall girlsThe Tall girls

2.2. The Long pantsThe Long pants

3.3. The White shoesThe White shoes

4.4. The Green blouseThe Green blouse

5.5. The Boring teacherThe Boring teacher

6.6. The Blue eyesThe Blue eyes

7.7. The Red hairThe Red hair

8.8. The Black sweaterThe Black sweater

PRACTiCE…PRACTiCE…Write the following phrases in Spanish…

1.1. Las chicas altasLas chicas altas

2.2. Los pantalones largosLos pantalones largos

3.3. Los zapatos blancosLos zapatos blancos

4.4. La blusa verdeLa blusa verde

5.5. ¿ ?¿ ?

6.6. Los ojos azulesLos ojos azules

7.7. El pelo rojoEl pelo rojo

8.8. El suéter negroEl suéter negro