1 EPT 162 Introduction

8/10/2019 1 EPT 162 Introduction

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SELAMAT DATANG

UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA PERLIS

School of Manufacturing Engineering

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Dr Azuwir Mohd Nor

Dr Mohd Sazli Saad

Dr Azuwir Mohd Nor

Dr Mohd Sazli Saad

EPT 162

Computer Programming

Monday 8.00 am- 11.00 a.m. MPU 2

Lecture/Lab/Tutorial

Instructor

Dr Azuwir Mohd Nor Room: MPU 7Dr Mohd Sazli Saad Room: MPU8

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EXPECTATION

YOUR COMMITMENT TOWARDS STUDY

YOU ARE UNIV STUDENTS

FULL ATTENDANCE

DO A LOT OF INDEPENDENCE STUDY

SELF LEARNING

INFORMATION SEARCH

READING

BE PREPARED BEFORE COMING TO

CLASS


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General Information

Main Objective:

Students can independently write, compile,debug and execute computer programs tosolve problems, especially engineeringrelated problems.

Teaching Plan

PEO & PO

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Evaluation

Exams:

Midterm exam => 20%

Final Exam => 50%

Lab reports => 15%

Assignment/Quiz=> 15%

Assignments are assessed individually & In Group

The two tests are written test/Lab test

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References

Hanly, J.R. and Koffman, E.B., C ProgramDesign for Engineers, 2nd Ed., Addison-Wesley,2001.

ISBN : 0321204174

Deitel & Deitel, Suhizaz Sudin, R. Badlishah andYasmin Yacob, C How To Program, Pearson-Prentice Hall, 2006.

Tan, H.H. and DOrazio,T.B., C Programming forEngineering & Computer Science, Mc Graw Hill,

1999.

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Today Outline Computer Fundamentals

Computer organization and hardware

Computer software

Programming LanguagesMachine language

Assembly language

High-level language

Algorithm : pseudo code and flowchart Control Structures

Simple C Program


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Computer Fundamentals

Computer system is divided into hardwareand software.

Hardware refers to physical components ofcomputer which are:

Main Memory

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Input Device

Output Device

Secondary Memory Device

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Components of a ComputerThe latest Intel microarchitecture on the 22 nm

manufacturing process delivers significant performance

advancementsincluding vastly improved graphics,

battery life, and securityfor a zero-compromise

computing experience.

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With key features such as Intel

Hyper-Threading Technology, that

allows each processor core to work on

two tasks at the same time for greater

multitasking, to the Intel Iris

graphics for stunning 3-D visuals and

faster, more advanced video and photo

editing, the 4th generation Intel

Core i7 processor delivers top-of-

the-line performance for your most

demanding tasks.


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Computer Hardware

Input Device Output Device

Secondary Memory

Control Unit

Arithmetic andLogic Unit

Register

CPU

Main Memory

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Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPU is the computers administrator and isresponsible for supervising the operation of theother sections

Consists of two functional units; control unitand arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)

Control unit supervises all activities of thecomputer system

ALU performs basic arithmetic operations andcomparison operations

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Main Memory

keeps information from the input unit

also keeps processed information until itcan be placed on output devices

all programs must be loaded into mainmemory before they can be executed andall data must be brought into main memory

before it can be manipulated.

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Main Memory

Main memory can be further classifiedinto two types:Random Access Memory (RAM)

information in RAM will be lost when thecomputer is turned-off.

Read Only Memory (ROM) It has been set during manufacturing process.

ROM usually contains instructions and

information considered to be fundamental tothe computer.


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1000 Memory Cells in

Main Memory

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Secondary Memory

Main memory is only used during

processing following certain instructions

Permanent information is NOT stored inmain memory but is stored in secondarymemory

E.g. program file, data fail, etc

E.g. hard disk, diskette, CD

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Secondary Storage Media

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Input/Output Devices

Input devices - feed data and programsinto computers

E.g. keyboard, mouse, touch screen,scanners

Output devices - display results produced

by computerE.g. monitor, printer, speaker


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Software

As a complement to hardware, computer

system needs software to solve problems.

Software are classified into :

System software

Application software

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Software

System software : manages the computer andits peripheral devices (hardware)

E.g. Operating system (OS)

Text editor

Pre-processor

Language translator

Linker

Loader

Compiler: reads something.c source, writes something.o object.Linker: joins several *.o files into an executable program.Loader: code that loads an executable into memory and starts itrunning.

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Software

Application software : performs specific tasks

There are two types: Program to solve specific problems

Program written by user to solve specified problem

E.g. word processor, desktop publishingsoftware, spreadsheets, database, graphics,communication, programs perform specific taskssuch as accounting, scientific, engineering,education, etc

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Programming Languages

Programming language is divided intothree categories:

Machine Language

Assembly Language

High-Level Language


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Machine Language

Language understood by the computer

Bunch of 0s and 1s

Program written in machine language can beexecuted without being translated

Nevertheless, hard to learn because it is writtenin 0s and 1s

Program is too long to solve simple problem

Machine-dependant and not portable E.g.

0101 0001 1100 0100 1011 1000

0101 1000 0101 1001 1100 0111

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Relationship Between a Byte and a Bit

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Assembly Language

Strings of 0s and 1s are replaced intoinstructions which resemble Englishlanguage to represent computer operationelement

Easier to understand and write

E.g. LOAD rateMULT hourSTOR wages

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Assembly Language

Nevertheless, needs language translatorcalled Assembler to change AssemblyLanguage to Machine Code for executionpurpose

still too long and not portable


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High-Level Language

Improves weaknesses in Machine Languageand Assembly Language

Portable

Written in one instruction to carry out severalinstructions in machine level E.g. discount_price = price discount;

Must be changed to machine code beforeexecuted, needs compiler: a system softwarethat translates source program to object program

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Algorithms a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations

or other problem-solving operations, especially by acomputer.

The solution to any computing problem involvesexecuting series of actions in a specific order

Pseudo code : artificial and informal language thathelps programmers develop algorithms

E.g.

if students grade is greater than or equal to 50Print Pass

else

Print Fail

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Algorithms

Flowchart: visual-form of an algorithm

E.g.

Process 2Decision

Data

Process 1

Begin

End

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Algorithm-Basic symbols in aflowchart

Start/End

Process

Input/Output

Decision

Flowdirection

Connector


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Pseudo code

Begin

Input A and B Calculate A + B

Print result of SUM End

Begin

Input

A,B

Calculate

A + B

Print SUM

End

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Control Structure

All programs could be written in terms ofthree control structures:

Sequence structure

Selection structure

Repetition structure

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Sequence Structure

Is a series of steps executed sequentiallyby default

Read num1, num2

Calculate total=num1+num2

Print total

Pseudo code Flowchart

Read num1, num2

total = num1+num2

print total


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Selection Structure

Used to choose among alternative courses

of action

C has three types: if, if..else, andswitch

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The if Selection Structure

if structure is a single-entry/single-exit

structure

true

false

grade >= 60 print Pass

If students grade is greater than or equal to 60

Print Pass

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The if..else Selection Structure

Specifies an action to be performed bothwhen the condition is true and when it isfalse

truefalse

print Fail print Pass

grade >= 60

If students grade is greater

than or equal to 60

Print Pass

else

Print Fail

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Repetition Structure

Specifies a block of one or morestatements that are repeatedly executeduntil a condition is satisfied

Three types : while, for,

do-while


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The while Repetition Structure

Programmer specifies an action is to berepeated while some conditions remain true

product


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Simple C Program: Program to add two numbers

#include

int main(void){

int A, B, SUM;

printf (input first integer \n);

scanf (%d, &A)printf (input second integer \n);

scanf (%d, &B)

SUM=A+ B;

printf (Sum is %d\n, SUM);

return 0;

}

OUTPUT

Input first integer

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Input second integer

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Sum is 66

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Any Question?

Reading assignment: Find out...

Data types?

Variables?

Arithmetic operators

Relational and Logical Operators

Reference

EKT 120 notes, School of Computer &Communication, UNIMAP.

Hanly & Koffman, C Program Design forEngineers. Addison Wesley, 2nd Edition,2001.

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1 EPT 162 Introduction

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