1 El Pretérito de los verbos 2 I went to the store. I bought a shirt. I paid in cash. El...
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Transcript of 1 El Pretérito de los verbos 2 I went to the store. I bought a shirt. I paid in cash. El...
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El Pretéritode los verbos
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I went to the store.I bought a shirt.I paid in cash.
El Pretérito:
• is a past tense (“-ed”)• talks about what happened• is a completed action
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The stem for regular verbs in the pretérito is the infinitive stem.
Tomar tom-Hablar habl-Comer com-
Beberbeb-Abrir abr-
Salir sal-
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1. Pretérito endings for -ar verbs are:
-é -aste -ó
-amos-asteis-aron
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1. Pretérito endings for –er / -ir verbs are:
-í -iste -ió
-imos-isteis-ieron
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REMEMBER:
• accents on the “yo” form and the “él / ella / Ud.” form•-ar / -ir “nosotros” form is
the same in present and pretérito
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¡Cuidado!
In the 3rd person
-ar ó cantó
-er, -ir i ó comió
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(-ar verbs)
tométomastetomó
tomamostomasteistomaron
Por ejemplo:
tomar
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(-ar verbs)
habléhablastehabló
hablamoshablasteishablaron
Por ejemplo:
hablar
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(-ar verbs)
trabajétrabajastetrabajó
trabajamostrabajasteistrabajaron
Por ejemplo:
trabajar
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(-er / -ir verbs)
comícomistecomió
comimoscomisteiscomieron
Por ejemplo:
comer
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(-er / -ir verbs)
volvívolvistevolvió
volvimosvolvisteisvolvieron
Por ejemplo:
volver
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(-er / -ir verbs)
abríabristeabrió
abrimosabristeisabrieron
Por ejemplo:
abrir
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(-er / -ir verbs)
escribíescribisteescribió
escribimosescribisteisescribieron
Por ejemplo:
escribir
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Expressions for the preteritAyer = yesterdayAnoche = last nightAnteayer = day before yesterdayEl año pasado = last yearLa semana pasada = last weekEl fin de semana pasado = last
weekendEl verano pasado = last summer
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a.Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and-zar have a spelling change in the “yo” form of the pretérito.
buscar tocar practicarpagar jugar llegaralmorzar empezar comenzar
2. Spelling change:
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The “yo” form of the pretérito changes to conserve the sound of the infinitive:
-car-gar-zar
“-qu锓-gu锓-cé”
“toc锓jug锓rezé”
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(-car verbs)
busquébuscastebuscó
buscamosbuscasteisbuscaron
Por ejemplo:
buscar
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(-car verbs)
practiquépracticastepracticó
practicamospracticasteispracticaron
Por ejemplo:
practicar
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(-gar verbs)
paguépagastepagó
pagamospagasteispagaron
Por ejemplo:
pagar
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(-gar verbs)
juguéjugastejugó
jugamosjugasteisjugaron
Por ejemplo:
jugar
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(-zar verbs)
almorcéalmorzastealmorzó
almorzamosalmorzasteisalmorzaron
Por ejemplo:
almorzar
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(-zar verbs)
empecéempezasteempezó
empezamosempezasteisempezaron
Por ejemplo:
empezar
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Spelling change:
2 b. Verbs ending in -er, and-ir have a spelling change in the “él and ellos” form of the pretérito.
Leer, creer, oίr
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leer leí leíste leyó
leímos leísteis leyeron
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Creer creí creíste creyó
creímos creísteis creyeron
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oír oí oíste oyó
oímos oísteis oyeron
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3. Stem changing verbs in the preterite the –ar and –er stem-changers in
the present DO NOT STEM CHANGE in the past.
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For example:pensar = to think, to plan
Present tense
pienso pensamos
piensas pensáis piensa piensan
preterite
pensé pensamospensaste pensasteispensó pensaron
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For example:volver = to returnPresent tensevuelvo volvemosvuelves volvéisvuelve vuelven
Preterirtevolví
volvimosvolviste
volvisteisvolvió volvieron
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Stem changing –ir verbs change vowels in the preterite, The change only occurs in the third person singular (él, ella, Ud.) and third person plural (ellos, ellas, Uds.)
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For example:pedir = to ask for
Present tense
pidopedimos
pides pedíspide piden
Preterite
pedípedimos
pedistepedisteis
pidiópidieron
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For example:dormir = to sleep Present tense
duermodormimos
duermes dormísduerme
duermen
dormí dormimosdormiste
dormisteisdurmió
durmieron
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Other -ir sandal verbs e- iCompetir = to
competeServir = to serveRepetir = to repeatPreferir = to preferVestirse = to get
dressedSeguir = to follow
O – uDormirse = to fall
asleepMorir = to die
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4. Irregular verbs- No accents
Ir (a) = to gofuifuistefuefuimosfuisteisfueron
ser= to befuifuistefuefuimosfuisteisfueron
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4. Irregular verbs- No accents
Dar = to givedidistediodimosdisteisdieron
Ver = to see vivisteviovimosvisteisvieron
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5. Irregular verbs- No accents
Hacer venir quererTo do or to make to come to want / to love
en pret. tried, neg. refused
hice vine quise
hiciste viniste quisiste
hizo vino quiso
hicimos vinimos quisimos
hicisteis vinisteis quisisteis
hicieron vinieron quisieron
All are regular endings except 1st and 3rd singular.All have an “I” in the stem.
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6. Irregular verbs- No accents
estar poder ponerTo be to be able to to put orlocation and condition to set table
estuve pude puseestuviste pudiste pusisteestuvo pudo pusoestuvimos pudimos pusimosestuvisteis pudisteis pusisteisestuvieron pudieron pusieron
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6. cont. Irregular verbs- No accents
Andar saber tener= to walk =to know =to have
a fact or how to do something (in preterite,
find out)
Anduve supe tuveAnduviste supiste tuvisteAnduvo supo tuvoAnduvimos supimos tuvimosAnduvisteis supisteis tuvisteisAnduvieron supieron tuvieron
All have U in the stem. All regular endings except 1st and 3rd. 39
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7. Irregular verbs- No accents
Decir traer traducir= to say, to tell =to bring =to translate
dije traje tradujedijiste trajiste tradujistedijo trajo tradujodijimos trajimos tradujimosdijisteis trajisteis tradujisteisdijeron trajeron tradujeron
All have “j” in the stem. Regular –er endings except in 1st sing and 3rd sing. and plural.
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8. Irregular verbs- No accents
Present
Hay = there is there are
Hay 3 libros en mi mochila.
Preterite
Hubo = there was, there were
Hubo un accidente.
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Práctica. Forma oraciones
Marta dormir mucho anocheyo pedir ensalada ayerUds. sacar el dinero
anteayertú hacer la maletaNosotros lavarse las manos
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