06 ICAM in Soc Trang_Dr. Klaus Schmitt

8/3/2019 06 ICAM in Soc Trang_Dr. Klaus Schmitt

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29.11.2011 Seite 1

Dr Klaus SchmittChief Technical Advisor

GIZ CZM Project, Soc Trang, Vietnam

Concept of ICAM

in Soc Trang Province



29.11.2011 Seite 2

Integrated coastal area management

Consider the interaction of many complex processes andmany different interests in the coastal zone

Decisions must be made with the participation of thedifferent stakeholders and based on an interdisciplinary

and cross-border consensus

Different site-specific and appropriatesolutions must be applied bothalong the coastline as a linear

structure as well as alongthe coastal zone fromthe sea tothe land



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Aim: protect and sustainably use the coastalwetlands for the benefit of the local population

site specific approaches to adaptation to climate change

risk spreading strategies (uncertainties)

Effective mangrove management and protectionwith emphasis on resilience to climate change

Mangroverehabilitation

Mangrovemanagement

Historical informationLessons learnt and

Test new approaches

C a

p a c i t y b u i l d

i n g E

nvi r on m en t

al

aw ar en e s s

Tool box, mimic nature,erosion protection

Planting alone is of littleuse, co-management,ICAM, livelihood

The Project



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The setting of thecoastal zone of Soc Trang

Dynamic coast line (process of accretion and erosion)

Discharge regime of theMekong River

Long-shore currents(Monsoon wind),

Tidal regime of the East Sea

Importance of mangroves

Narrow belt of mangrove forest along the coast line



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-

Threats – Climate Change – ICAM

Mangroves (soft)

Sea dyke (hard)

Hybrid (soft and hard solutions)

Site specific solutions (ICAM) covers the

full cycle of information collection, planning,

decision making, management and monitoring

Looking at status quo is not enough

Flooding (Mekong)

Saline intrusion

Changes in precipitation

Temperature increase

Adaptation

Storms (erosion)

Sea level rise



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Cannot look at status quo only .... time travel


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Oct.

2006

Historic information provides an important inputfor sustainable coastal development and climatechange adaptation measures

1901

Looking at status quo is not enough



MANGROVE rehabilitation

Based on lessons learnt: species, site, time, technique (tool box)

Precautionary principle: test new approaches to mangroveplanting without having the scientific proof of their successfulness

Aim: create diverse coastal forests in terms of speciescomposition as well as horizontal and vertical structure (increaseresilience)

Mimic nature: imitate the successful regeneration of nature



Planting mangroves alone is of little use



Co-management is basedupon negotiation,

joint decision-making,a degree of power-sharing

and fair distribution ofbenefits among allstakeholders

Process,4 steps,

4 principles - Participatory process

- Agreement- Pluralistic governance body

Sustainability through PES

Participation

Zonation

ICAM

ConsultationOrganisation

NegotiationAgreement

Implementation

Monitoring &evaluation

SurveysDecree 151

6WWhoWhatWhenWherehoW

hoW much

MANGROVE management



Open access => sustainable use

Rules (who, area, time, tools)

Zonation



Impacts of co-management

Since we started co-management we are very happybecause our daily income has increased. We benefit nowfrom about 50,000 – 60,000 Dong per day

Now we have to go less far to catch or collect resources

Before we were afraid of forest rangers, now we are workingtogether – and there are fewer outsiders entering our area

World Resources Report 2010-2011: Vietnam’s experiencesuggests that adaptation approaches with a single objective,such as protecting coastal infrastructure from sea level rise,can lead to conflicts of interest that hinder implementation,especially when local communities are not involved



Non monetary

benefits

Shared monetarybenefits (PES)

Payment for ecosystem services – part of anintegrated approach

Not looked at insectoral isolation

Mangrove co-management Clam cooperative



ICAM needs a soundunderstanding ofnatural processes

(dynamic equilibrium)



MANGROVE rehabilitation in erosion sites

Mangroves grow along sheltered coast lines; therefore inerosion sites it is necessary to first reduce erosion, stimulatesedimentation and, as far as possible, avoid downdrift erosion

Wave breakers

Appropriate solution 1904

1952

Numerical modelwhich simulateshydrodynamics andshorelinedevelopment



Design of breakwaters based on numerical modellingand physical wave flume modelling

www.czm-soctrang.org.vn



Summary

Co-management is an effective way of maintaining andenhancing the protection function of the mangrove forest belt andat the same time providing livelihood for local communities

Payment for ecosystem services contributes to sustainability andlivelihood improvement

Site specific solutions as part of an holistic approach along thecoastal zone (not just looking at one area, no sectoral approach)

Risk spreading strategies (mimic nature) and zonation

Full political support from all levels and agreement from allstakeholders (consensus) as well as participation are essential

Computer modelling helps to understand complex processes andcoastal dynamics


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06 ICAM in Soc Trang_Dr. Klaus Schmitt

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