03 ICAM in SE-Asia Stefan Groenewold
Transcript of 03 ICAM in SE-Asia Stefan Groenewold
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Development and Implementation of
Integrated Coastal Area Management
(ICAM) in the South-East Asian Region
Dragon Institute, College for Environment & NaturalResources, Can Tho University (CTU)
by
Stefan Alfred Groenewold
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Objectives01
i. How did the ICAM approach develop inSouth East Asia, and what are the
differences, common grounds and new
challenges?
ii. Which lessons we can learn and which good
practices we possibly can transfer from
experiences for the implementation of
ICAM in Vietnam?
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Outline02
Facts & Figures
South East Asia ICAM Concept &development in SE
Asia; global issues Implementation of
ICAM in ASEAN
Pilot projects,
Lessonslearned
Conclusion &Outlook
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03
Facts & Figures: coastline
Length Coastline in km
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
INDO
PHIL
AUST
CHIN
PAPU
MALA
VIET
THAI
TIMO
BANG
CAMB
SING
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04
Facts & Figures: population
Population in millions
0
50
100
150
200
250
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05
Facts & Figures: HDI
HumanDevelopmentIndexH
DI
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
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06 Facts & Figures: Fish catch (FAO 2009)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Fishcatchintonsx1000
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07 Facts & Figures: Aquaculture (FAO 2009)
Aquaculturep
roduction
into
nsx1000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
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08 Facts & Figures: coastal habitats - mangroves
Mangrove
forestin
sqkmx1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SING
CAMB
VIET
THAIPHIL
BANG
MYNA
MALA
INDO
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09 Facts & Figures: coastal habitats- coral reefs
CoralReefsinsqkmx1000
0 10 20 30 40 50
BANG
CAMB
SING
VIET
PAPU
THAI
MALA
PHIL
INDO
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10 Facts & Figures: Economic Value of coastalhabitats
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
SING
CAMB
VIET
THAI
PHIL
BANG
MYNA
MALA
INDO
Economic Value of Mangroves in SE Asia:
5,168,000,000 USD (UNEP 2007)
0 10 20 30 40 50
BANG
CAMB
SING
VIET
PAPU
THAI
MALA
PHIL
INDO
Economic Value of Coral Reefs in SE Asia:
1,157,000,000 USD (UNEP 2007)
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11 Facts & Figures: Climate ChangeImpacts
Vulnerability map
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12 ICAM implementation: Marine Protected Areas
MPAs are considered as highly effective tools for conservation &
sustainable use of marine resources (FAO MDG database 2009,
map ACB = Asian Centre for Biodiversity, PHIL)
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13 ICAM implementation: Marine Protected Areas
% (percentage of territorial waters per country)
0 1 2 3 4 5
CAMB
BANG
MYNA
PHIL
SING
VIET
INDO
EuropeTHAI
MALA
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14
1992
1998
1994
1997
2010
ICAM development SE Asia -
some events with impact:
Earth Summit - Rio
Declaration
Bali CC Conferenceroadmap
Millenium Development goals
Kyoto protocol
PEMSEA founded, ASEAN context
FAO ICAM guideline
2000
Tsunami Indian Ocean2004
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15 ICAM: Cloud of components
Fishery regulations
Aquaculture
Livelihood (general)Habitat conservation
Habitat rehabilitation
Sustainable land-use
Disaster mitigationSustainable tourism
Waster management
Watershed-management
Climate Change adaptation &mitigation
Coastline protection
Coastal Resource mappingLaw enforcement
Legal framwork (local &
national)
Education (formal & informal)
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16 ICAM: Process, roadmap
Resource assessment
Risk assessment
Policy vision
Participatory planning & spatial zoning
Capacity development, vocational trainingInformation-Education Campaign (IEC)
Monitoring & Evaluation
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17 ICAM: Principles & Objectives
Environmental Sustainability
Precautionary Principle & EIA
Equitable Development
Multiple sectoral approach
Eco-system based Management
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18 ICAM: International players
Just one Example:
Lessons learned from USAid Fish project:
Long-term commitment
Stepwise integration & multi-level intervention
Adoptation of global issues (Ecosystem based
management, good governance, CC adaptation)
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19 ICAM: Knowledge network
Universities with certain ICM
knowledge development
Others:
National Ministries for
Environment,
Fisheries, Planning,
Marine Resources
SEAFDEC institutions
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20 ICAM: Asian Initiatives & Players
SEAFDECSouth East Asian Fisheries Development Center
(Bangkok, K, Singapore, Malaysia,
Philippines)
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21 ICAM: Asian Initiatives & Players
PEMSEA
Partnership in Environmental
Management for the Seas of East
Asia, 1994 in partnership with UN.
Since 1993 ICM program,
before mainly working on Marine
Pollution, situated in Quezon CityPHL.
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22 ICAM implementation:
Visiting PEMSEA demonstration sites &
SEAFDEC project sites
Criteria: ICAM components, process, principles
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23 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Chonburi, Thailand
Since 2001, 160 (before 28)km coastline, 1,3 million
inhabitants, 205 km sea,
129 km land
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24 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Chonburi, ThailandMain components I:
Environmental risk assessment
(according to internationalstandards)
Mangrove rehabilitation (97% were
lost)
Sustainable fishery (CFRM) (after sharp
decline of small-scaled fishery)
Environmental friendly aquaculture
25 l
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25 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Chonburi, Thailand
Main components II:
Waste treatment program
Solid waste Program
Sustainable tourism (island)
Oil spill contingency plan 2010ICM workshops for municipalities
Pollution control program
26 i l i j i
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26 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Chonburi, Thailand
Main components III:Spawning Blue crab shelter project
Sea turtle protection program
27 ICAM i l i P j i
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27 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Chonburi, Thailand
Principles & Process:
Increasing bottom up community based
management, decentralisation (ICM MOAwith Provinve
National Program:
Marine & Coastal Management act draft
National CC Adaptation plan 2008-12
(chaired by Prime minister)
Department for Marine Resource
28 ICAM i l i P j i
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28 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Chonburi, Thailand
Lessons learned:
Sharing knowledge with neighboring
municipalities (up-scaling)Cross visits (to PHL) were inspirating
29 ICAM i l t ti P j t it
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29 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Sihanoukville,
CambodiaSince 2001, 120 km coastline,
130,000 inhabitants,
3207 km sea, 1283 km land
30 ICAM i l t ti P j t it
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30 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Sihanoukville,
Cambodia
Main components I:Environmental monitoring
Knowledge & skill development
Sustainable tourismIEC Information Education Campaigns
Coastal Zoning training 2011
31 ICAM i l t ti P j t it
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31 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Sihanoukville,
Cambodia
Main components II:
Water pollution
Waste management
Fish catch survey
Mudcrab and swimming crab Resourcemanagement project
32 ICAM i l t ti P j t it
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32 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Sihanoukville,
Cambodia
Principles & Process:
Bottom up community based management,
food security has highest priority
National Program:
ICM policy draft but lack of capacityNational CC adaptation plan 2007
Disaster Risk reduction strategy 2009
33 ICAM implementation: Project sites
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33 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Sihanoukville,
Cambodia
Lessons learned:Cambodia has little experience with
ICM/ICAM, therefore capacity
building, vocational training andbaseline survey has priority;
IEC creates broad acceptance
34 ICAM implementation: Project sites
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34 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Port Klang, Malaysia
Since 2001, 54 km coastline,696,900 inhabitants,
612 km sea, 627 km land,
One of the busiest waterways
in the world
35 ICAM implementation: Project sites
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35 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Port Klang, Malaysia
Main components I:
Water pollution
Integrated River Bassin Management
Strengthening Law enforcement (fishery,
mangrove logging, team training, equipmentupgrade)
Mangrove rehabilitation
Wetland protection
36 ICAM implementation: Project sites
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36 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Port Klang, Malaysia
Main components II:
Erosion control program
Waste management
Marine resource assessment (according toUNEP/PEMSEA standards)
37 ICAM implementation: Project sites
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37 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Port Klang, Malaysia
Principles & Process:More top down approach, but increasing
community based management
Strong law enforcement
38 ICAM implementation: Project sites
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38 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Port Klang, Malaysia
National Program:ICM policy by federal government, CZM Plan
2006-2020
National CC adaptation plan 2007
39 ICAM implementation: Project sites
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39 ICAM implementation: Project sites
Where: Port Klang, Malaysia
Lessons learned:Water vision plan 2025 links river bassin
management with ICM
Still weak institutional capacity at local level
Inefficient use of funds, Overlapping
responsibilities of government agencies
40 ICAM implementation:
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40 pTrans-boundary projects
South China Sea Project
2002-2008
Vietnam, Cambodia,
Indonesia, Malaysia,Philippines, Thailand,
China
CCI Coral Triangel Initiative
2009-
41 ICAM implementation:
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41 pTrans-boundary projects
South China Sea Project
Outcomes:Intensive Capacity development
program
Database (website), baselineresearch
Fish refugia, 11 demonstration
sites
39 sectoral action plans
Economic valuation of coastal
resources
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Lessons learned
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42 Lessons learned
East Asian Sea Congress 2009 in Manila
Four Lessons learned for effective ICMimplementation Coastal Governance
1. Understanding marine economy
2. Facilitating Ecosystem based Managment(EBM)
3. Implementing Marine spatial planning
4. Expanding capacity building in the region bytraining & advanced education
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Lessons learned
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43 Lessons learned
East Asian Sea Congress 2009 in Manila
Main barriers for implementing ICM/ICAM
1. No clear jurisdiction over coastal
resources2. Political resistence of local government
and people
3. Local natural resources are controlled bya small selected stakeholder group
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Conclusions: Matching objectives
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44 Conclusions: Matching objectives
Successful ICAM implementation is site-specific!
Especially in the starting phase of ICAM
implementation, IEC and local capacity
training is essential
ICAM is suitable for highly industrialized areas as
well as for rural areas
ICAM is a long-term committment, a process that
needs to be maintained regularly
Finish: Food for Thoughts45
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s ood o oug ts
What is the country-specific challenge and
needs for the implementation of ICAM in
Vietnam?
46 Finish
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Thank you for your attention