02-Dist Part 2_new

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Siemens AG 2006

Distance Protection fortransmission lines:

part 2Power Transmission

and Distribution

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Page 2 TLQ 2004 Distance Protection Part2Siemens AG 2006Power Transmission and Distribution

SIPROTEC 4

Distance Protection

for Transmission Lines

Part2

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Method used in 7SA2 and 7SA6 to measure ! and "

#sin$ a si$nal model %&alman'(ilter)

*

"

! L

+ , * - . L

Phasors

V,

I Z

/stimate the phasors Vand I usin$ the least suares method %minimised

errors)

( ) ( ) ( )AkT

AAk TkCeTkBTkAyA

+

+=

000 coscossin

1is the sampled 3alue %3 or i) ' 41 assumin$

, 60 ms the follo5in$ simplification results

( ) ( )AAkTkbTkay +=

00 cossin

!m

*ebb

a

a

current

3olta$e

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UU tjj

eUeUU

==

II tjj eIeII ==

II t=

UU t=

0=t

( ) ( ) ( )IUIUj

j

j

I

Uj

I

Ue

I

U

eI

eU

I

UZ IU

I

U

+==

== sincos

R X

Impedance calculation using U- and I-pasors

Principle

( )

XjR

jZeZZ ZZj Z

+=

+== sincos

IUZ

=

R

X

Z

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Page ! TLQ 2004 Distance Protection Part2Siemens AG 2006Power Transmission and Distribution

(ast adapti3e impedance measurement

(ilters 5ith different len$ths

0 0 20 0 80 0 60 70 90

ms

/stimate %n,)

/stimate 2 %n,6)

/stimate %n,9)

/stimate 8 %n,0)

:ormal %n , 2):ormal 2 %n , 26)

:ormal

;ump detected

/stimate %n,)

/stimate 6 %n,)

Least "#uare $stimate wit #ualit% control

&dapti'e (one restriction

/< $< +one +

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Page ) TLQ 2004 Distance Protection Part2Siemens AG 2006Power Transmission and Distribution

umerical filtered phasor measurement

< (ast operation #se short data 5indo5

2< =i$h accurac1 =i$h selecti3it1

< Si$nal distortion does not cause dela1 or maloperation

>

*

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+ "(

+L

$

I,

distance rela%

"I .Source !mpedance *atio/ describes te ratio

between te source impedance and te line impedance

L

S

Z

ZSIR =

1ig "I "mall loop 'oltage

in case o, a ,ault at te end o, te line

SIR

EVf +

=1

S!* ' Definition

5ote6 "I trip time cur'es are mostl% related to 7one 89 i:e: (L (8

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Te "I gi'es some in,ormation about te power o, in,eed

and te line lengt

"I < 4 sort line=

"I > 4 and

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S!*,6 %A'G)

0

!

80

8!

20

2!

30

3!

40

4!

!0

0 ! 80 8! 20 2! 30 3! 40 4! !0 !! )0 )! *0 *! ;0 ;! @0 @! 800

@ of one settin$

trippin$

tim

e%m

Trip time cur3es at S!* ,

7SA22

Bther rela1s

S!* , %A G)

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S!*,70 %A'G)

0

!

80

8!

20

2!

30

3!

40

4!

!0

0 ! 80 8! 20 2! 30 3! 40 4! !0 !! )0 )! *0 *! ;0 ;! @0 @! 800

@ of one settin$

trippin$

time

%m

Trip time cur3es at S!* , 0

7SA22

Bther rela1s

S!* , 0 %A G)

1ig "I .low 'oltage/ doesnAt e,,ect te tripping time in numerical rela%s

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Siemens AG 2006Power Transmission and Distribution

?on'entional rela%s6 limiting o, te starting

caracteristic area ,or pase-selecti'e ,ault detection

(L2-$

(L3-$

(L8-L2(L3-L8

(L8-$

B

#uadrilateral

C1

UL8- UL2

UL3- UL8

UL3

I$

UL2

IL8

UL8

E

IL8

IL2

IL3

I$

L8

L2

L3

$UL8 UL2 UL3

distance rela%

impedance o,ealt% loops6

ZL2-$

UL2

IL2- K$FI$

ZL3-$ UL3

IL3- K$FI$

UL8- UL2ZL8-L2

IL8- IL2

ZL2-L3 UL2- UL3IL2- IL3

ZL3-L8 UL3- UL8IL3- IL8

impedance o,

,aulted loop6

ZL8-$ UL8

IL8- K$FI$

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Distance protection

"tepped process o, pase selection

fault

!mpedance comparison

of fault loop impedances

?omparison of

I2and I0components

comparison of Load

compensated currents

n,

n,

n,

n,

Trip three'phase Trip sin$le'phase

n , num4er of detected fault loops

C

C

C

C

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/arth loop elimination 5ith 3irtual impedanceE

(L-$ min

(L-$ min = 8:! radius

(L-$ loops outsidecircle are eliminated?alculation o, 'irtual eart

loop impedances wit

pase eart 'oltage and

pase current6

( p-e G Ip

&d'antage is tat eart current does not result in Hsmall un,aulted

loops: nl% te ,aulted loop is calculated wit ,ault current

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Distance protection

Codern metods o, pase selection

!ntelli$ent phase selection:

Impedance comparison

"%mmetrical component anal%sis

Load compensation

Pattern recognition

I

I2

I0

G

GG

G

I(F

(L3-$

(L8-L2

(L3 - L8

(L8-$

B

#uadrilateral

C1

L2

L8

L3

I2I0

(L2-$

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Pase selection

Di,,erenciating between single and double P-$ ,ault

"ector &

"ector ? "ector J

mar$in

I2

aI2 a2I2

'Ph'/ fault:

After load compensation: ?urrents in the health1

phases are ero or ha3e opposite phase position

Ph'Ph'/ fault:

After load compensation: ?urrents in faulted phases ha3e same amplitude and

sho5 a phase difference of 20 to 90 de$ree dependent on earthin$ conditions

( )

20

2

2

0

L3L2

2

L8

L3L2L8

a

a

aa3

8

3

8

II

II

II

IIII

IIII

++=

++=

20

2

0

: L8-$ or L2-L3-$ ,ault: L2-$ or L3-L8-$ ,ault

: L3-$ or L8-L2-$ ,ault

02-Dist Part 2_new

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