01 4LTE Fundamentals

LTE FUNDAMENTALSSVEN-ANDERS STURESSON

Introduction

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LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 |

Why learn about LTE FUNDAMENTALS

› 20 minutes !

› LTE today – Rel 8› LTE tomorrow – Rel 10


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Scope and objectives

› Explain the basics of the LTE radio interface

› Give an overview of the evolution of LTE

Objectives

Scope

› Key LTE radio access features

› LTE in the future

› How to learn more

Overview


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Key LTE radio access features

TX TX

Advanced antenna solutionsDiversity

Beam-forming

Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

20 MHz1.4 MHz

Spectrum flexibilityFlexible bandwidth

New and existing bands

Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

SC-FDMA

OFDMALTE radio accessDownlink: OFDM

Uplink: SC-FDMA


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LTE Radio Access – DownlinkOFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

› Large number of 15 kHz sub carriers› Orthogonal: Other carriers zero at sampling point

f = 15 kHz

time

frequency

User 1User 2User 3


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LTE Radio Access – UplinkSC-FDMA – Single Carrier FDMA (DFTS-OFDM)

› Pre-coded OFDM› Similar to OFDM– 15 kHz tones BUT consecutive–Same time-domain structure

› Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

time

frequency

User 1User 2User 3


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LTE DL Physical Resources

12 sub-carriers

time

frequency

One subframe 14 OFDM symbols

One Scheduling Block(2 Resource Blocks)180 kHz and 1 ms


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Scheduling

› Time domain–Round-robin–Max C/I–Proportional fair

› Frequency domain–Consecutive–Random–Measurement based

Downlink

time

frequency

User 1User 2User 3

Round-robin Max C/I Proportional fair


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Link adaptationLayer 1 feature

› Time Domain (/user)–Modulation scheme–Channel coding

› Frequency Domain (/SB)–Not that common

Data Control Data Control

Channel coding

Modulation scheme

16QAM 64QAMQPSK

OFDM symbol 2bits 4bits 6bits


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Time dispersion

Direct path

Reflected path

Measured by UE

Tu

One OFDM symbol


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Cyclic prefix insertion

Direct path

Reflected path

Measured by UE

TuTCP

One OFDM symbol

CP: 4.7μs => 1.4km


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Multi-antenna TransmissionExamples

MISO (Multiple In Single Out)Beam formingTransmit diversity

SIMO (Single In Multiple Out)Receive diversity

MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out)All above +Spatial multiplexing (MIMO)

eNodeB Terminal device

Radio channel


Radio channel


Radio channel


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Spectrum Flexibility

› New and existing bands› FDD and TDD› Flexible bandwidth

LTE Channel bandwidths [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

1.4MHz: 6 Scheduling Blocks

20 MHz: 100 Scheduling Blocks


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LTE DL peak rate20 MHz and 4x4 MIMO AND 64 QAM

14 OFDM symbols per 1.0 ms subframe

64QAM = 6 bits per symbol

6 x 14 = 84 bits per 1.0 ms subframe

84bits/1.0ms = 84kbps per subcarrier

12 x 84kbps = 1.008Mbps per Scheduling Block

100 Scheduling Blocks in 20MHz

100 x 1.008Mbps = 100.8Mbps per antenna

4 x 4 MIMO: 403.2Mbps !

BUT in reality approx. 300Mbps

…and UL no MIMO 75Mbps


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LTE in the Future – Evolution!

› LTE Advanced study in 3GPP–Start March 2008–Expected Release 10 (2011)

› LTE Advanced => LTE 3GPP Rel 10

› Major enhancements–Higher peak rates–Relaying solutions


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LTE 3GPP Rel 10Higher peak rates

› Carrier aggregation

› Spectrum aggregation

› DL/UL Multi-Antenna transmission

20 MHz

100 MHz total bandwidth

20 MHz20 MHz

40 MHz total bandwidth

4

8

Peak rates: 3Gbps/1.5Gbps !


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1.2Gbps demonstrated at MWC2010

› 4 x 20 MHz› DL 4x4 MIMO› Commercial

hardware

Summary


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LTE FUNDAMENTALS

› LTE radio access

› Advanced antenna solutions

› Spectrum flexibility

› LTE in 3GPP Release 10

TX TX

20 MHz1.4 MHz

SC-FDMA

OFDMA


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HOW TO LEARN MORE

› LTE in Product catalog› Training courses› LTE/EPC Competence Space› LTE/EPC Business Tutorials› MWC2010 in PCAT


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01 4LTE Fundamentals

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