~ Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll

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~ Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll. superior (cranial). Anatomical Position. anterior (ventral). NOT SHOWN posterior (dorsal). lateral. medial. proximal. distal. inferior (caudal). Directional Terms. Distal – menjauh dari badan Proximal – mendekati badan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of ~ Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll

Page 1: ~ Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll
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~ Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll

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proximal

distal

lateral medial

superior (cranial)

inferior(caudal)

anterior(ventral)

NOT SHOWNposterior(dorsal)

Anatomical Position

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Directional Terms

Distal – menjauh dari badan Proximal – mendekati badan

Lateral – jauh dari garis tengah Medial – dekat garis tengah

Anterior – sisi depan Posterior - sisi belakang

posisi anatomi posisi anatomi

(ventral) (dorsal)

Superior – mendekati kepala Inferior – menjauh dari kepala

(cranial) (caudal)

Superficial – mendekati Deep – menjauh dari permukaanpermukaan

Plantar – dibawah kaki Dorsal – diatas dari kaki

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PLANE

PLANE – sebuah permukaan dua dimensi terdiri dari 3 pointsyang tidak berada diatas garis yang sama (disebut not collinear)

pt 1pt 2

pt 3

Planes

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Plane

Walaupun ujung tungkai yang lebih rendah memiliki lapisan penting – pertimbangkan hanya titik tengah sambungan dan garis penghubung; jadi segmen “kurus” menjelaskan paha dan kaki.

Planes dalam ayunan kaki selama melangkah (berjalan/berlari)

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PLANE

SUMBU

ANGULAR MOTION OCCURS “ABOUT AN AXIS”

AXIS – sebuah garis vertikal yang melewati permukaan datar.

Axes

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AXIS

Sumbu melewati JOINT CENTER

AXISAXISAXISAXIS

Sumbu dalam ayunan kaki selama melangkah

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Global Body Planes

• Sagittal – permukaan vertical yang membagi tubuh menjadi bagian KANAN dan KIRI.

• Frontal – permukaan vertical yang membagi tubuh menjadi bagian ANTERIOR dan POSTERIOR.

• Transverse – permukaan horizontal yang membagi tubuh menjadi bagian ATAS dan BAWAH.

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TransversePlane

FrontalPlane

Sagittal Plane

Global Body Planes

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Cardinal or “Mid” Planes

• DEFINISI – permukaan yang melewati tubuh dan membaginya menjadi dua bagian besar

• INTERSECTION -- the mid-sagittal, mid-frontal, and mid-transverse planes memotong di CENTER OF MASS ketika tubuh dalam posisi anatomi

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MID-SAGITTALPLANE

SAGITTALPLANE

Mid-sagittal vs

sagittal

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Body Planes & Axes (Permukaan dan sumbu tubuh)

Sagittal Plane = Medial-Lateral Axis (ML)

Frontal Plane = Anterior-Posterior Axis (AP)

Transverse Plane = Longitudinal Axis

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Local Planes

• Berhubungan dengan bagian

• Contoh: tekukan siku (elbow flexion) dapat terjadi di setiap global planes (permukaan global).

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Sumbu M-L

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Sumbu A-P

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Sumbu Longitudinal

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Joint Movements1. flexion = penurunan sudut diantara 2 bagian

a “bending” movement (gerakan menekuk)

2. extension = kenaikan sudut diantara 2 bagian

a “straightening” movement (gerakan lurus)

From Anatomical position:

Sagittal PlaneM-L Axis

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Joint Movements

3. abduction = gerakan menjauhi garis tengah

4. adduction = gerakan mendekati garis tengah

From Anatomical position:

Frontal PlaneA-P Axis

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Joint Movements

5. medial rotation (internal): permukaan anterior berputar medial

6. lateral rotation (external): permukaan anterior berputar lateral

rotasi dari kepala dan badan adalah salah satu rotasi kanan dan kiri.

Transverse PlaneLongitudinal Axis

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Specialized Joint Movements

dorsiflexion = arah jari kaki naik (menuju tulang kering)

plantar flexion = arah jari kaki turun

Sagittal PlaneM-L Axis

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Specialized Joint Movements

elevation = gerakan bahu korset superior (move shoulder girdle superiorly)

depression = gerakan bahu korset inferior (move shoulder girdle inferiorly)

Frontal Plane, A-P Axis

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Specialized Joint Movementsinversion = angkatan sisi tengah kaki (lift medial border of foot)

eversion = angkatan sisi lateral kaki (lift lateral border of foot)

Frontal Plane A-P Axis

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Specialized Joint Movements

radial deviation = gerakan arah radial (move toward radial styloid)

ulnar deviation = gerakan arah ulnar (move toward ulnar styloid)

Frontal Plane A-P Axis

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Specialized Joint Movements

lateral flexion = tekukan badan kanan atau kiri

Frontal Plane A-P Axis

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Specialized Joint Movements

supination = putaran jempol lateral (thumb laterally)

pronation = putaran jempol medial (thumb medially)

Transverse PlaneLongitudinal Axis

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Specialized Joint Movements

horizontal adduction gerakan menuju garis tengah

horizontal abduction gerakan menjauhi garis tengah

Transverse PlaneLongitudinal Axis

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Flexion + Abduction+ Adduction + Extension

Multiple planes Multiple axes

Circumduction

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Roots of Muscle Names

• location - supraspinatus, latissimus dorsi

• direction - transverse abdominis

• action - flexors, extensors

• shape - deltoid, trapezius, rhomboideus

• number of divisions - biceps, triceps

• pt of attachments - sternocleidomastoid

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Eccentric actions:• otot memanjang dibawah tekanan• bekerja dengan gravitasi untuk menurunkan tubuh atau objek.• mencoba memperlambat bagian tubuh atau objek

Concentric actions:• otot memendek dibawah tekanan• bekerja melawan gravitasi untuk meningkatkan tubuh atau objek. • mencoba mempercepat bagian tubuh atau objek

eccentric

concentric

Concentric vs Eccentric Actions