泰山学院大学外语教学部 Objectives 2. Text Understanding 4. Patterns 3. Words ＆...

泰山学院大学外语教学部

Objectives

2. Text Understanding

4. Patterns

3. Words ＆Expressions

1. Background Information

5. Writing

BOOK1Unit

Background Information

Culture Shock Time ConsciousnessMost Americans place a strong emphasis on being on time. They tend to organize time by means of schedules.

Culture Shock

Keeping Appointments and DatesIt is considered impolite and extremely inconsiderate ( 考虑不周的 ) to fail to keep an appointment or date without giving prior notice to the other person. If you do not plan to meet the person, then you should decline the invitation.

Structure Analysis

Lead-in

Lead-in

Chinese Sayings about Time

Lead-in

Time is money/life. How time flies! Time and tide wait no

man. Wasting other’s time

means wasting their life.

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Main idea of the text ?Main idea of the text ?Americans value time and save time carefully. In their eyes, time is regarded as precious resource. A person who tends to waste his own time or that of others is never accepted in American culture. Consequently, Americans try every means to save time in their daily life, business and work so as to make every minute count. Besides, to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed in U.S.A is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent.

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The Whole Text:

Part I (Paras.1-2)

General idea of the

whole passage .

Part II (Paras. 3-7)

Illustrations of the

general idea.

Part III (Paras. 5-12) Restatement and emphasis

of the general idea

Text Structure Analysis

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Part I (Para. 1-2)

Americans value time and Americans value time and save time carefully. Time is save time carefully. Time is regarded as precious regarded as precious resources.resources.


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Part II (Para. 3-7)

Americans try every means to Americans try every means to save time. They save time in save time. They save time in their daily life , business and their daily life , business and work as well. They also create work as well. They also create a series of devices to improve a series of devices to improve efficiency.efficiency.


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Para.3

SD: Everyone in the U.S. is in a rush.

R: They are often under pressure.

Para.4

SD: Americans quicklystart talking business.

R: Time is always ticking in their inner ear.

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Para.5 － 7

SD: We work hard to save time. How?

R: These devices can save the feet and endless amounts of time.

We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices.

Americans take it as a sign of skillfulness to do things quickly.

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Part III (Para.8)

While new arrivals to the While new arrivals to the U.S. regard time differently, U.S. regard time differently, Americans do take it as a Americans do take it as a sign of skillfulness or being sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed. or fulfill a job with speed.


Words

Patterns

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1.Budget vt. plan the spending of or provide in a plan

KeyKey

She has to budget her time very She has to budget her time very

carefully..carefully..

TranslationTranslation她不得不精心安排自己的时间。

words and expressions

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1.Budget vi. save or spend money

KeyKey

He budgeted forbuying a new car.He budgeted forbuying a new car.

TranslationTranslation他为了买新汽车而计划节省开支。


practice

e.g:buget for

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1. The government has devoted a larger slice 1. The government has devoted a larger slice of its national ____ to agriculture than most of its national ____ to agriculture than most other countries.other countries.

A. resources B. potential A. resources B. potential C. budget D. economyC. budget D. economy

2. The education ___ for the follwing year is 2. The education ___ for the follwing year is about 5000 yuan,which is much more than about 5000 yuan,which is much more than what people expected. what people expected.

A. budget B. allowanceA. budget B. allowance C. finance D. reservationC. finance D. reservation

C

A


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2. convention (L24)(L24) n. customary practice 习俗，惯例

e.g.e.g.

ConventionConvention now allows women to now allows women to smoke in public.smoke in public.

KeyKey

It’s theIt’s the conventionconvention for men to wear for men to wear

suits on formal occasions.suits on formal occasions.

TranslationTranslation男子在正式场合穿西装是一种惯例。


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3. Consequently ad. as a result; so

KeyKey

The bank refused to help the The bank refused to help the

company,consequently ti went bankrupt.company,consequently ti went bankrupt.

TranslationTranslation银行拒绝提供帮助银行拒绝提供帮助 ,, 这家公司破产了这家公司破产了 ..


practice

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1. The rain was heavy and __ the land 1. The rain was heavy and __ the land was flooded.was flooded.

A. constantly B. consistantlyA. constantly B. consistantly

C. consequently D. continuouslyC. consequently D. continuouslyC


同意词 :

accordingly; hence

as a result; therefore

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4. competent

e.g.e.g.

Be competent for sth.Be competent for sth.

Be competent to do sth.Be competent to do sth.

KeyKey

China is competent to lanch China is competent to lanch

spaceship with man.spaceship with man.

TranslationTranslation中国有能力发射载人宇宙飞船 .


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5. result in (L2)(L2) cause, have as a result, lead to

e.g.e.g.

The accident The accident resulted inresulted in the death of the death of two people.two people.

KeyKey

Acting before thinking alwaysActing before thinking always results inresults in

failing.failing.

TranslationTranslation做事不先考虑总是会失败的。

**result from —result from —be caused by, because be caused by, because

ofof Nothing has resulted from his efforts.他的努力终成泡影。


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6. account for (L6)(L6) ① give a satisfactory explanation for … e.g.e.g.

The man couldn’tThe man couldn’t account foraccount for the fact the fact that the money was found in his that the money was found in his house.house. KeyKey

Jenny had toJenny had to account account to her fatherto her father for for

every penny she spent.every penny she spent.

TranslationTranslation珍妮不得不向父亲说明每一个便士是怎么花的。


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6. account for ②be a proportion of sth.

e.g.e.g.

North Sea oil North Sea oil accounts foraccounts for a high a high proportion of our trade earningproportion of our trade earning..

KeyKey

GirlsGirls account foraccount for half of the class.half of the class.

TranslationTranslation女生占我们班一半人数。

**phrases: phrases: on account of on account of 由于由于 ; on no account ; on no account 绝不；绝不； take take

account of = take … into account account of = take … into account 考虑到考虑到


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7. much less (L28)(L28) still less, let alone and even less likely 更不用说 e.g.e.g.

They’re always short of water to drink, They’re always short of water to drink, much lessmuch less to bathe in. to bathe in.

KeyKey

The old man can hardly walk,The old man can hardly walk, much lessmuch less

run.run.

TranslationTranslation这位老人几乎不能行走，更不用说跑了。


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8. given + noun (L35)(L35) = (given that clause) prep. taking into account

e.g.e.g.

Given Given her interest in children, her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for teaching should be the right career for her.her. KeyKey

Given Given their inexperience, they’ve done their inexperience, they’ve done

a good job.a good job.

TranslationTranslation考虑到他们缺乏经验 ,他们算做得不错了。

Cf.Cf.

GivenGiven that they’re inexperienced, that they’re inexperienced,

they’ve done a good job.they’ve done a good job.


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9. be worthy of (L50)(L50) deserving 值得

e.g.e.g.

It seems as if the task were not It seems as if the task were not worthy of worthy of proper respect.proper respect.

KeyKey

He He is worthy ofis worthy of our praise.our praise.

TranslationTranslation他值得我们表扬。

QuestionQuestion

What What is worthy ofis worthy of your working hard?your working hard?


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Typical patterns for emphasizing sth.:

原句 : Normally, Americans do not assess their

visitors in such a relaxed surroundings over extended

small talk; much less do they take them out for

dinner,… (L. 27)

一般来说，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评估他们的客人，更不用说带他们出去吃饭 , ······

Patterns

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Patterns

句型提炼

（划线部分可替换）

Sb. does not do sth.; much less does sb.

do sth. else.

某人不会做 / 没有做某事，更不用说做其他的事。

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Patterns

应用： a. 这个孩子常常对别人的关心置若罔闻，更不用说批评和意见了。

The child often turns a deaf ear to the people’s care; much less do they criticize and advise.

BOOK1Unit Patterns

应用： b. 这里的人们从来都没有把这个英俊的小伙子与任何错误的行迹联系在一起，更不会相信他就是凶手。

People in this area never associate the handsome young man with any wrong deed; much less do they believe he is the very murderer.

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原句 : we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer — especially given our traffic-filled streets. (L. 33)

Patterns

我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流 , 而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要化更多的时间 , 尤其是在马路上交通拥挤时。

Typical patterns for choosing one way over the other:

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Patterns

Sb. does sth. through / by / with… rather

than through / by / with…, which,

though…,… — especially given…

某人通过 ······ 做某事，而不是通过······ 虽然后者 ······, 但却 ······ ，尤其是······ 时

句型提炼

上一页（划线部分可替换）

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应用： a. 永恒友谊的秘诀是 : 真心实意而不是虚情假意地相待。虽然后者有时奏效，但决不可能长久，尤其是人们的诚信意识增强时。The secret to a permanent friendship is to treat each other with heart and soul rather than through a false display of affection, which, though effective from time to time, stands no chance to last — especially given people’s growing awareness of honesty.

Patterns

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1. ___ the fact that his initial experiments had 1. ___ the fact that his initial experiments had failed,Prof. White persisted in his reaearch.failed,Prof. White persisted in his reaearch.

A. Because of B.As to A. Because of B.As to C. In spite of D. In view ofC. In spite of D. In view of

2.Those gifts of rare books that were given to us 2.Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply____. were deeply____.

A. appreciated B. approvedA. appreciated B. approved C. appealed D. appliedC. appealed D. applied

Check Yourself

C

A

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3. My camera can be ____ to take pictures in 3. My camera can be ____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.cloudy or sunny conditions.

A. adapted B. adjustedA. adapted B. adjusted

C. adopted D. remediedC. adopted D. remedied

4.This car is my latest ____. 4.This car is my latest ____.

A. things B. acquisitionsA. things B. acquisitions

C. acquisition D. obtainingC. acquisition D. obtaining

B

B

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5.We should make a clear ____ between the two 5.We should make a clear ____ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion. scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.

A. distinction B. discriminationA. distinction B. discrimination

C. deviationC. deviation （偏差）（偏差） D. seprationD. sepration

A

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辨析 distinct;distinction;distinctive

• distinct adj. 截然不同的；明显的• be distinct from • e.g ： His comment was distinct from ours.• distinction n. 差别 ; 区分• draw a distinction between( 强调主观上的差别 )• e.g ： It is not very easy for us to draw a

distinction between things that are alike in some of their features.

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辨析 distinct;distinction;distinctive

• distinctive adj. 特别的 ; 有特色的• be distinctive of=be characteristic of

• e.g: Clear plot simple words are distinctive of his poem.

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Words Dictation

• 预算• 嗅觉敏锐• 突然停车• 简洁• 相互作用• 习俗 ; 大会• 悠闲地• 胜任此项工作• 履行职责• 继承革命传统

• 评估财产• 通常地说 / 一般情况下• 因此• 意义 / 重要性• 导电• 赢得尊重• 解释原因• 由于• 迷人的景色• 尽管

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• 避免• 症状• 区分 / 特征• 欣赏 / 感激• 获得• 调整• 经历 / 通过

• 敌对的• 另外• 处理 / 对付• 隔离• 拒绝• 恢复

Structure Analysis

Your Task

Tips for Writing

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I. Structure AnalysisSupporting a General Idea with

Specific Details & Reasons

Normally, a writer presents his statement at the beginning of a paragraph, and supports it with specific details, then he’ll briefly tell readers the reason(s).

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Computers will play an increasingly important role in our daily life. Computers could measure brain activity to determine the quality of our work. Doctors will use computers to evaluate and identify motor problems, figure out repair costs and locate repair shops. Home computers will take care of regular duties at home, help with homework and order food. This is because computers can work more efficiently for us.

Sample 1Sample 1

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A general point : Computers will play an increasingly important role in our daily life.

Specific details:1. Computers measure brain activity.2. Computers evaluate and treat sickness.3. Computers in car show us routes, take money from our bank.4. Home computers take care of regular duties at home.

The reason:Computers are working efficiently.

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II. Tips for Writing

1.Decide the topic. 2.Write the topic sentence .3.Turn the topic sentence into HOW

& WHY question.4.Before writing, outline details &

reasons of the questions.

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Sample 2Sample 2Topic:“Protection of the environment has become a major concern of society. ”Outline: Specific details: *teachers & pupils, specific meeting, discuss the protection of environment*city planners, environment problems,take … into consideration*factories, reduce pollution, at a high costReasons: bad air & water pollution affect everyone, cities to survive, businesses to make a profit

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III. Your Task

Try to write your own paragraph supported byspecific details and reason(s).

Topics : 1. Computers are of great use in our daily life.2. English is becoming more important.

(You can choose one of the two topics.)

泰山学院大学外语教学部 Objectives 2. Text Understanding 4. Patterns 3. Words ＆...

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