Empire of Ghana and the Gold-Salt Trade. Ghana emerged as a Kingdom by the 700s. Ghana grew rich...
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Transcript of Empire of Ghana and the Gold-Salt Trade. Ghana emerged as a Kingdom by the 700s. Ghana grew rich...
Empire of Ghana and the
Gold-Salt Trade
Ghana emerged as a
Kingdom by the 700s. Ghana grew rich
through the newly formed trade across the Sahara with Musilm traders.
Empire of Ghana
Gold and Salt were the
two most important trade items in West Africa.
Ghana produced a lot of Gold and wanted salt which is essential for large cultures.
The explosion in trade made the kings of Ghana extremely wealthy.
Gold-Salt Trade
Islam spread through
Trade to West Africa. Although the leaders
converted to Islam and employed Muslim advisors, many Africans hung on to their local religions.
Ghana went into decline after loosing multiple wars to the Almoravids.
Ghana and Islam
Empire Building: The Empire of Mali
Mali emerged by
1235 just south of Ghana. With Ghana still week, this allowed Mali to become the dominate kingdom of the region as well as take over the gold-salt trade.
Empire of Mali
Mali’s first great leader. He overthrew a dictator
like ruler, expanded the empire, and declared himself Mansa which means emperor.
He strengthened the empire through trade, conquest, and increasing the size of the government.
Sundiata
Came to power 50 years
after Sundiata and restored the wealth and prestige of Mali and promoted Islam as the empire’s religion.
Brought Muslim ideas of education to West Africa and launched several building projects.
Mansa Musa
A Muslim traveler who
traveled for 27 years attempting to write a chronicle and history of all Islamic nations in the world.
He was blown away by how advanced Mali was and wrote that in many ways it was more advanced than any place in the world.
Ibn Battuta
Empire of Songhai and the Collapse of
West African Empires
Mali gradually declined
into the 1400s as a result of poor leadership and lower trade profits.
Songhai was a small kingdom that use to be ruled by Mali but now began to expand and make an empire for itself.
Empire of Songhai
Came to power in 1464 and built a professional army that
conquered most of West Africa. He also heavily relied on his navy to control the rivers
which were the main way of transporting goods to trade.
Sunni Ali
Despite being extremely
wealthy, West African Empire lacked advanced military technology.
In 1591, and army with guns and cannons from Morocco conquered what was left of Songhai and West Africa.
European powers began expressing interest and claiming land in Africa.
Collapse of Western Empires
The Hausa organized
themselves into city-states and relied on trade to prosper.
Yoruba was a small but old kingdom that was famous for it’s art and architecture.
Benin were a powerful kingdom that often competed with Mali and Songhai but fell victim to the slave trade when the Portuguese arrived.
Other West African Kingdoms
Before moving on and studying other parts of Africa,
now is a good time during this year to take a closer look at trade and the vital role it played in mankind’s future at the time and continues to do so today.
Complete the following with your textbook: #1-4 on pg. 429 #1-2 on 431 #1-2 on 432 #1-2 on 433 #1-2 on 435 Complete 3 out of the 6 DBQ questions on 434-435.
*Honors complete all 6.
Trading Empires Assignment
East and Southern African States and Empires Overview
Most of the East African population was concentrated
in coastal cities who traded by sea. The modern day language of Swahili was created
when Arabic from Muslim traders mixed with African Languages.
East Coast Trade Cities
In 1488, the first
Portuguese ships arrived looking for a trade route to India.
In order to establish permanent trading ports, the Portuguese attacked using their cannons and conquered several East African cities.
Portuguese Conquest
Islam was introduced
through trade and quickly became the preferred religion of the leaders and wealthy merchants.
Most common people maintained their traditional religious beliefs.
Islamic Influence
Muslim traders began
exporting slaves from East Africa along with luxury goods.
Although this trade went on for a long time, it was relatively small when compared to West Africa.
Often times East African armies would capture other Africans to sell in the trade.
Enslavement
A city-state in Southern
Africa where most East African cities got their gold and ivory to trade.
After reaching its’ height of power, Great Zimbabwe was mysteriously abandoned by 1450. One theory is that food supplies could not support the large population.
Great Zimbabwe
According to oral tradition, a man
names Mutota founded a new trading city to the north when Great Zimbabwe collapsed.
The kingdom he established came to dominate Southern Africa into the 1500s.
Although they survived an attempt by the Portuguese to conquer them, Mutapa fell when the Portuguese instigated a Civil War.
Mutapa Empire
Thursday Workers Only See Handout
African Art Analysis
In groups of 4 you will read a little bit about the
situation of Africa in the Modern World. Pages 1012-1016 and 1040-1045 1. Divide the reading into 4 parts, one for each person. 2. Read your part only and take notes summarizing the
key points. 3. You will then meet with people who read the same
part but are in other groups and you will share and refine what you wrote.
4. Finally you will come back to your original group and present your part of the reading to your group members as they take notes.
Modern Africa Jigsaw
1. Achieving Independence, Ghana Leads the
Way, Fighting for Freedom 2. Civil War in Congo and Angola 3. Colonial Rule Limits Democracy, Civil War in
Nigeria, Nigeria’s Nation Building 4. South Africa Under Apartheid, Struggle for
Democracy *If you have a group of 3 then one person
does #1 and #2, if 5 then the 5th person does Fighting for Freedom.
Suggested Split