Periodic Table of Elements

Color Code the Periodic Table:Metals: blueNonmetals: yellowMetalloids: green

Review- How to read a square

Each element is identified by the number of protonso Each square on the table includes:

How to find the number of neutrons = (atomic mass – atomic number)

How to find the number of protons and electrons = atomic number

The Periodic Table There are about 115 elements that have been

discovered, 92 of which occur in nature. Elements are arranged on the periodic table.

Dmitri Mendeleev Created the first periodic table of elements based

on repeating properties in 1869

Every time the properties started to repeat, he started a new row on the table

How the Table is Arranged

Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and by their properties in the periodic table.

Remember: o Atomic Number is the number of protons in the nucleus o Atomic Mass is the number of protons plus neutrons is in

an atom

Rows are Called Periods

Each horizontal (left to right) row of elements is called a period.

There are 7 horizontal periods in the table Physical and chemical properties in a period change

from left to right (go from metal, to metalloid, to nonmetal)

Columns are Called Groups

Each vertical (up and down) column of elements is called a group.

There are 18 vertical groups in the table. Elements in the same group have the same chemical

and physical properties.

Classes of Elements Elements are classified into 3

categories:1. Metals2. Non-metals3. Metalloids

The zig-zag line on the periodic table will help you recognize which elements belong in which category

Metals, nonmetals, metalloids

Metals Metals are found to the left of the zigzag line Most metals are solid at room temperature Properties of metals:

o Shinyo Flexible (can be shaped without shattering)o Good conductors of electricity

Nonmetals Nonmetals are found to the right of the zigzag line More than half of the nonmetals are gases at room

temperature. Properties of nonmetals: (opposite of metals)

o Not shiny o Not flexible o Poor conductors of electricity

Metalloids Metalloids are the elements that border the zigzag

line Metalloids have some properties of both metals and

nonmetals.o Ex. Tellurium is shiny but not flexible, so it can not be

shaped. Metalloids are also called semiconductors

Grouping the Elements Element Funkiness

Group 1: Alkali Metals Alkali metals are the most

reactive metals o They Blow up in water!

Properties:o softnesso color of silvero shininesso low density

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

Very reactive, but less reactive than alkali metals

Properties:o Color of silvero Higher densities than alkali

metals

o See these guys in action!

Groups 3-12: Transition Metals

Less reactive than Alkaline Earth Metals Shared properties:

o shininesso good conductors of electricityo higher densities

Group 17: Halogens Most reactive nonmetals

Properties:o Poor conductors of electric currento Most are toxic!

o Ready for more fireworks??!

Group 18: Noble Gases The most un-reactive elements

on the table. Contain nonmetals

Properties:o colorless, odorless gases at room

temperature

Noble Gases in Balloons!

Put it all together…. Brain pop- periodic table