7th Grade Ch 3 Sec 4 Nonmetals & Metalloids
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Transcript of 7th Grade Ch 3 Sec 4 Nonmetals & Metalloids
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Ch. 3 Ch. 3 Sec. 4 Sec. 4
Nonmetals & Nonmetals & MetalloidsMetalloids
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NonmetalNonmetal•Element that lacks most properties of metals–dull- not shiny–brittle- not malleable–poor conductors
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NonmetalsNonmetals•Located at right of zigzag line on periodic table
•10/16 = gases•Most form compounds, except Group 18
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The table salt on a pretzel is mined from deposits
found on Earth. The same
compound can also be formed from a reaction
between the metal sodium and the
nonmetal chlorine.
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Boron FamilyBoron Family
•Group 13
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Carbon FamilyCarbon Family• Group 14• C (nonmetal) Pb• 4 valence electrons
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Carbon FamilyCarbon Family•Contains elements
important to life & computers
•Carbon = basis for an entire branch of chemistry
•silicon & germanium- important semiconductors
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Nitrogen FamilyNitrogen Family• Group 15• N Bi• 2 nonmetals- N & P• 5 valence electrons
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Nitrogen Nitrogen FamilyFamily
• Group 15• Nitrogen makes up
over ¾ of the atmosphere.
• Nitrogen and phosphorus are both important in living things.
• Most of the world’s nitrogen is not available to living things.
• The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.
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Diatomic Diatomic moleculesmolecules
•Compounds of 2 identical
atoms
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Oxygen FamilyOxygen Family• Group 16• O Po• 3 nonmetals- O, S, Se• 6 valence electrons
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Halogen FamilyHalogen Family• Group 17• F At• 7 valence electrons• very reactive• typically gains or shares 1 electron
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HalogensHalogens• Group 17• Very reactive,
volatile, diatomic, nonmetals
• Always found combined with other element in nature
• Used as disinfectants & to strengthen teeth
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Noble GasesNoble Gases• group 18• He Rn• 8 valence electrons• very stable & unreactive• do not form compounds b/c do not gain,
lose, or share valence electrons
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The Noble GasesThe Noble Gases• Group 18• VERY unreactive,
monatomic gases• Used in lighted
“neon” signs• Used in blimps to
fix the Hindenberg problem.
• Have a full valence shell.
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The The Noble Noble GasesGases
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HydrogenHydrogen• alone in upper corner• not grouped in a family• very diff. properties • has 1 proton & 1 electron• some have neutrons
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MetalloidsMetalloids•on border between metals & nonmetals
•8 metalloids•characteristics of both metals & nonmetals
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MetalloidsMetalloids•most useful property= varying ability to conduct electricity–used to make semiconductors= can conduct electricity under certain conditions
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Periodic Table of ElementsPeriodic Table of Elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Alkali metals
Very reactive
Li
Fr
Name each family and give a description of each, include examples from each group.
Name______________________ Date________________
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Bo
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