1

(1) 1011: Accounting: Concepts and Principles 2

: .: .: .: .: .: .: .:31 Accounting Definition . :

- .- . - .- .: Concept, Objectives and Functions of Accounting4 business entity: . ... . :(1) : : . : .: (1)5(2) : : . : .

(3) : : . : . : .: (1)6 : : (1)

7 : Accounting Information System

System: .

:

(1) Inputs: .(2) Processing: .

: (1)8(3) Outputs: . (4) Feedback: . Information System: .

(1) data: .: (1)9(2) processing: .

: : . : .

(3) information: .: (1)10 Accounting Information System: .

(1) financial data: .(2) accounting processing: . .(3) financial information: .: (1)11 : : (1)122 Objectives of Accounting: .

:1 result ( ).2 financial position .: (1)13 :1 net cash flows .2 .3 .: (1)143 Functions of Accounting: . measurement: (1) recognition: transactions .

() . financial transactions .: (1)15 ( ) ( ) .

(2) quantitative measurement: . .

(3) recording: .

: (1)16(4) classification: . (5) summarizing: .

communication disclosure: . financial reporting.: (1)17 4 Decision system: Decision System.

:: (1)

1- 2- 3- 4- 5- ( )( )Accounting system Decision system

1- 2- 3- 4- ()( ) 185 : .

scientific: . : Accounting: .: (1)19

: (1) practical: . : Bookkeeping: .

. 20 .

Internal Users of Accounting Information External Users of Accounting Information : Users of Accounting Information21 Internal Users of Accounting Information: . :1 Management: .2 personnel: .: (1)22 External Users of Accounting Information: . : 1- () Owners : - . - . - .: (1)23 2- Potential Investors: : - . - .3- Lenders: .4- Suppliers: ( ) : - . - .: (1)245- Governmental Agencies: . .6- Customers: .7- General Public: .: (1)25 :

.: Branches of Accounting261 Financial Accounting: . financial reporting. . .: (1)272 Managerial Accounting: . . : (1)283 : - Cost Accounting: . - Governmental Accounting: .: (1)29 - Tax and Zakaat Accounting: . - Auditing: . - Accounting System: .: (1)30 :1 .2 ().3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .: Basic Accounting Glossary311 Business entity: . . . . .: (1)322 () Assets: .

: ( ) Fixed Assets: .: (1)33 ( ) Current Assets: () .: (1)

343 Liabilities: . : ( ) Fixed Liabilities: . 5 . ( )Current Liabilities: .: (1)354 Owner's Equity: . : Capital retained earnings.5 Revenues: ( ) .6 Expenses: ( ) .: (1)36

: (1)7 Account: ( ) . : . () .37 ( ) . :1 Income Statement.2 () Financial Position Statement (Balance Sheet).3 Statement of Cash Flows.: Financial Statements381 Income Statement: .2 () Financial Position Statement (Balance Sheet): .3 Statement of Cash Flows: .: (1)39 : : (1)40 :

1- Relevance: .2- Timeliness: .: Characteristics of Accounting Information413- Verifiability: .4- ( ) Objectivity (Freedom of Bias): .5- Accuracy: .6- Quantifiability: .: (1)42 :

1- Accounting Entity: :1- .2- .3- .4- .: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)432- Monetary Unit: ( - )

3- Historical Cost: () .4- Going Concern: () .: (1)445- ( ) Accounting Period: ( ) .

: .

6- Matching: .: (1)457 - () Revenue Recognition: . .

8 - ()Consistency : .: (1)4610- ( ) Conservation: . .

11- Materiality: .

12- Disclosure: .: (1)47