4שיעור טעון חלקיק

בשדה אלקטרומגנטי

1D electric field

Constant electric field

Potential electric field

Constant magnetic field

NR

Constant perpendicular fields

Change frame

Drifts (NR)

Gradient drift

Curvature drift

Adiabatic invariants 1

Adiabatic invariants 1I

Adiabatic invariants III

First invariant

Magnetic bottle and loss cone

Second invariant

Fermi acceleration

Third invariant

drift shell orbits

nonadiabatic examples

1. shock transition

2. inhomogeneous E

Coulomb collisions

ההתנגשויות תדירות

runaway

1. Charged particle in a planar electromagnetic wave (relativistic)a) linear polarizationb) circular polarization

2. Van Allen belt currents

3. Curvature drift in pulsars

4. Gyroradii of cosmic rays near Earth