ZigBeeZigBee

Wireless CommunicationsWireless CommunicationsIEEE 802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4

Ghanshyam DusaneGhanshyam Dusane

What is ZigBee?

What is ZigBee?What is ZigBee?

Technological Standard Created for Technological Standard Created for Control and Sensor Networks Control and Sensor Networks

Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard Standard (The Institute of Electrical and (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a professional association Electronics Engineers is a professional association headquartered in New York City that is dedicated headquartered in New York City that is dedicated to advancing technological innovation and to advancing technological innovation and excellence. Founded 1963)excellence. Founded 1963)

Created by the ZigBee AllianceCreated by the ZigBee Alliance

The 802 Wireless SpaceThe 802 Wireless Space

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/

Range

Peak D

ata

Rate

Closer Farther

Slo

wer

Fast

er

UWBWireless

Data Applications

Sources: WRH + Co

Wireless Video

Applications

IrDA

802.11g

802.11b

802.11a

2.5G/3G

Bluetooth™

ZigBee™

Wireless Sensors

Wireless Networking

Wi-Fi®

Basic Radio CharacteristicsBasic Radio Characteristics

ZigBee technology relies upon IEEE 802.15.4, which has excellent performance in low SNR environments

– ““the software” the software”

– Network, Security & Network, Security & Application layersApplication layers

– Brand managementBrand management

IEEE 802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4– ““the hardware” the hardware”

– Physical & Media Physical & Media Access Control layersAccess Control layers

IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee In ContextIEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee In Context

PHY868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz

MAC

NetworkStar / Mesh / Cluster-Tree

Security32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption

Application

API

ZigBeeAlliance

IEEE 802.15.4

Customer

Silicon Stack App

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_and_zigbee.ppt

DecreasingDecreasing

•Power consumptionPower consumption–ZigBee: 10mA <==> BT: 100mAZigBee: 10mA <==> BT: 100mA

•Production costsProduction costs–In the beginning of 2005In the beginning of 2005–ZigBee: 1.1 $ <==> BT: 3 $ZigBee: 1.1 $ <==> BT: 3 $

•Development costsDevelopment costs–Codesize ZB/codesize BT = ½Codesize ZB/codesize BT = ½

•Bit-error-rate (BER)Bit-error-rate (BER)

IncreasingIncreasing

• SensitivitySensitivity– ZigBee: -92dbm(0,63pW) <==> BT: -82dbm(6,2pW)ZigBee: -92dbm(0,63pW) <==> BT: -82dbm(6,2pW)

• flexibilityflexibility– No. of supported nodesNo. of supported nodes– ZigBee: 65536 (in a mesh) <==> BT: 7 (in a star)ZigBee: 65536 (in a mesh) <==> BT: 7 (in a star)

• SecuritySecurity– ZigBee: AES (128bit) <==> BT: SAFER (64/128bit)ZigBee: AES (128bit) <==> BT: SAFER (64/128bit)

• Latency requirementsLatency requirements– ZigBee: optional guaranteed time slotZigBee: optional guaranteed time slot

• RangeRange– ZigBee: up to 75 m in LOS condition <==> BT: 10 mZigBee: up to 75 m in LOS condition <==> BT: 10 m

ZigBee and Other Wireless ZigBee and Other Wireless TechnologiesTechnologies

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asp

ZigBee – Highly SecureZigBee – Highly Secure

Utilizes AES 128-bit encryptionUtilizes AES 128-bit encryption Concept of a “trust center”Concept of a “trust center” Link and network keysLink and network keys Authentication and encryptionAuthentication and encryption Security can be customized for the Security can be customized for the

applicationapplication Keys can be “hard-wired” into Keys can be “hard-wired” into

applicationapplication

ZigBee Aims LowZigBee Aims Low

Low data rateLow data rate Low power consumptionLow power consumption Small packet devicesSmall packet devices

ZigBee FrequenciesZigBee Frequencies

Operates in Unlicensed BandsOperates in Unlicensed Bands ISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbpsISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps 868 MHz European Band at 20kbps868 MHz European Band at 20kbps 915 MHz North American Band at 915 MHz North American Band at

40kbps40kbps

What Does ZigBee Do?What Does ZigBee Do?

Designed for wireless controls and Designed for wireless controls and sensorssensors

Operates in Personal Area Networks Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to-device (PAN’s) and device-to-device networksnetworks

Connectivity between small packet Connectivity between small packet devicesdevices

Control of lights, switches, Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc.thermostats, appliances, etc.

Lights and SwitchesLights and Switches

Source: ZigBee Specification Document

How ZigBee WorksHow ZigBee Works

TopologyTopology– StarStar– Cluster TreeCluster Tree– MeshMesh

Network coordinator, routers, end Network coordinator, routers, end devicesdevices

How ZigBee WorksHow ZigBee Works

States of operationStates of operation– ActiveActive– SleepSleep

DevicesDevices– Full Function Devices (FFD’s)Full Function Devices (FFD’s)– Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)

Modes of operationModes of operation– BeaconBeacon– Non-beaconNon-beacon

Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking ZigBee Mesh Networking

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations

Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking ZigBee Mesh Networking

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations

Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking ZigBee Mesh Networking

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations

Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking ZigBee Mesh Networking

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations

Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking ZigBee Mesh Networking

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard was The IEEE 802.15.4 standard was completed in May 2003. completed in May 2003.

The ZigBee specifications were ratified on The ZigBee specifications were ratified on 14 December 2004.14 December 2004.

The ZigBee Alliance announced public The ZigBee Alliance announced public availability of Specification 1.0 on 13 June availability of Specification 1.0 on 13 June 2005. 2005.

Much research is still going on with Much research is still going on with ZigBee. ZigBee.

Research PapersResearch Papers Time Synchronization for ZigBee NetworksTime Synchronization for ZigBee Networks ZigBee: “Wireless Control That Simply ZigBee: “Wireless Control That Simply

Works”Works” Journal of Neuroengineering and Journal of Neuroengineering and

RehabilitationRehabilitation Development of Ubiquitous Sensor Development of Ubiquitous Sensor

NetworkNetwork Wireless Technologies for Data Acquisition Wireless Technologies for Data Acquisition

SystemsSystems

ZigBee ProductsZigBee Products

Development KitsDevelopment Kits SensorsSensors TransceiversTransceivers ModulesModules

Current ZigBee UsesCurrent ZigBee Uses

Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental Monitoring Agricultural MonitoringAgricultural Monitoring Home Automation Still on HorizonHome Automation Still on Horizon

ZigBee’s FutureZigBee’s Future

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7092

Any Queries???Any Queries???

ReferencesReferences http://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asp http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentationshttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations http://computing.arizona.edu/networkmasterplan/tech_hpe_0703.pdfhttp://computing.arizona.edu/networkmasterplan/tech_hpe_0703.pdf http://www.santafe.cc.fl.us/~faeds/presentations/2004%20Educational%20Techhttp://www.santafe.cc.fl.us/~faeds/presentations/2004%20Educational%20Tech

%20Landscape.ppt#11 %20Landscape.ppt#11 http://danielneamu.rdscv.ro/cutenews/images/gartner_hype_cycle_4.jpghttp://danielneamu.rdscv.ro/cutenews/images/gartner_hype_cycle_4.jpg http://www.embedded.com/shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=52600868 http://www.embedded.com/shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=52600868 http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/04/08/wo_brown081904.asphttp://www.technologyreview.com/articles/04/08/wo_brown081904.asp http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-zigbee.htm?http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-zigbee.htm?

referrer=adwords_campaign=zigbee_ad=013761&_content_kw=what%20is%20zigbeereferrer=adwords_campaign=zigbee_ad=013761&_content_kw=what%20is%20zigbee http://www.emba.uvm.edu/~jfrolik/papers/chris_prop.pdfhttp://www.emba.uvm.edu/~jfrolik/papers/chris_prop.pdf http://bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de/1743-0003-2-6/1743-0003-2-6.pdfhttp://bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de/1743-0003-2-6/1743-0003-2-6.pdf http://www.oki.com/en/otr/200/downloads/otr-200-R08.pdf http://www.oki.com/en/otr/200/downloads/otr-200-R08.pdf http://www.ece.uah.edu/~milenka/docs/dc_ssst05_synch.pdhttp://www.ece.uah.edu/~milenka/docs/dc_ssst05_synch.pdff http://www.merl.com/reports/docs/TR2005-029.pdf http://www.merl.com/reports/docs/TR2005-029.pdf http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_

and_zigbee.pptand_zigbee.ppt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7092http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7092 http://www.zigbee.org/en/spec_download/download_request.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/spec_download/download_request.asp

Thank youThank youfor for

your attention!your attention!

Have a nice Day!Have a nice Day!