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ZigBeeZigBee
Wireless CommunicationsWireless CommunicationsIEEE 802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4
Ghanshyam DusaneGhanshyam Dusane
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What is ZigBee?
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What is ZigBee?What is ZigBee?
Technological Standard Created for Technological Standard Created for Control and Sensor Networks Control and Sensor Networks
Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard Standard (The Institute of Electrical and (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a professional association Electronics Engineers is a professional association headquartered in New York City that is dedicated headquartered in New York City that is dedicated to advancing technological innovation and to advancing technological innovation and excellence. Founded 1963)excellence. Founded 1963)
Created by the ZigBee AllianceCreated by the ZigBee Alliance
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The 802 Wireless SpaceThe 802 Wireless Space
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/
Range
Peak D
ata
Rate
Closer Farther
Slo
wer
Fast
er
UWBWireless
Data Applications
Sources: WRH + Co
Wireless Video
Applications
IrDA
802.11g
802.11b
802.11a
2.5G/3G
Bluetooth™
ZigBee™
Wireless Sensors
Wireless Networking
Wi-Fi®
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Basic Radio CharacteristicsBasic Radio Characteristics
ZigBee technology relies upon IEEE 802.15.4, which has excellent performance in low SNR environments
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– ““the software” the software”
– Network, Security & Network, Security & Application layersApplication layers
– Brand managementBrand management
IEEE 802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4– ““the hardware” the hardware”
– Physical & Media Physical & Media Access Control layersAccess Control layers
IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee In ContextIEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee In Context
PHY868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz
MAC
NetworkStar / Mesh / Cluster-Tree
Security32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption
Application
API
ZigBeeAlliance
IEEE 802.15.4
Customer
Silicon Stack App
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_and_zigbee.ppt
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DecreasingDecreasing
•Power consumptionPower consumption–ZigBee: 10mA <==> BT: 100mAZigBee: 10mA <==> BT: 100mA
•Production costsProduction costs–In the beginning of 2005In the beginning of 2005–ZigBee: 1.1 $ <==> BT: 3 $ZigBee: 1.1 $ <==> BT: 3 $
•Development costsDevelopment costs–Codesize ZB/codesize BT = ½Codesize ZB/codesize BT = ½
•Bit-error-rate (BER)Bit-error-rate (BER)
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IncreasingIncreasing
• SensitivitySensitivity– ZigBee: -92dbm(0,63pW) <==> BT: -82dbm(6,2pW)ZigBee: -92dbm(0,63pW) <==> BT: -82dbm(6,2pW)
• flexibilityflexibility– No. of supported nodesNo. of supported nodes– ZigBee: 65536 (in a mesh) <==> BT: 7 (in a star)ZigBee: 65536 (in a mesh) <==> BT: 7 (in a star)
• SecuritySecurity– ZigBee: AES (128bit) <==> BT: SAFER (64/128bit)ZigBee: AES (128bit) <==> BT: SAFER (64/128bit)
• Latency requirementsLatency requirements– ZigBee: optional guaranteed time slotZigBee: optional guaranteed time slot
• RangeRange– ZigBee: up to 75 m in LOS condition <==> BT: 10 mZigBee: up to 75 m in LOS condition <==> BT: 10 m
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ZigBee and Other Wireless ZigBee and Other Wireless TechnologiesTechnologies
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asp
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ZigBee – Highly SecureZigBee – Highly Secure
Utilizes AES 128-bit encryptionUtilizes AES 128-bit encryption Concept of a “trust center”Concept of a “trust center” Link and network keysLink and network keys Authentication and encryptionAuthentication and encryption Security can be customized for the Security can be customized for the
applicationapplication Keys can be “hard-wired” into Keys can be “hard-wired” into
applicationapplication
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ZigBee Aims LowZigBee Aims Low
Low data rateLow data rate Low power consumptionLow power consumption Small packet devicesSmall packet devices
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ZigBee FrequenciesZigBee Frequencies
Operates in Unlicensed BandsOperates in Unlicensed Bands ISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbpsISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps 868 MHz European Band at 20kbps868 MHz European Band at 20kbps 915 MHz North American Band at 915 MHz North American Band at
40kbps40kbps
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What Does ZigBee Do?What Does ZigBee Do?
Designed for wireless controls and Designed for wireless controls and sensorssensors
Operates in Personal Area Networks Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to-device (PAN’s) and device-to-device networksnetworks
Connectivity between small packet Connectivity between small packet devicesdevices
Control of lights, switches, Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc.thermostats, appliances, etc.
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Lights and SwitchesLights and Switches
Source: ZigBee Specification Document
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How ZigBee WorksHow ZigBee Works
TopologyTopology– StarStar– Cluster TreeCluster Tree– MeshMesh
Network coordinator, routers, end Network coordinator, routers, end devicesdevices
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How ZigBee WorksHow ZigBee Works
States of operationStates of operation– ActiveActive– SleepSleep
DevicesDevices– Full Function Devices (FFD’s)Full Function Devices (FFD’s)– Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)
Modes of operationModes of operation– BeaconBeacon– Non-beaconNon-beacon
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking ZigBee Mesh Networking
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking ZigBee Mesh Networking
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking ZigBee Mesh Networking
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking ZigBee Mesh Networking
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking ZigBee Mesh Networking
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations
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The IEEE 802.15.4 standard was The IEEE 802.15.4 standard was completed in May 2003. completed in May 2003.
The ZigBee specifications were ratified on The ZigBee specifications were ratified on 14 December 2004.14 December 2004.
The ZigBee Alliance announced public The ZigBee Alliance announced public availability of Specification 1.0 on 13 June availability of Specification 1.0 on 13 June 2005. 2005.
Much research is still going on with Much research is still going on with ZigBee. ZigBee.
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Research PapersResearch Papers Time Synchronization for ZigBee NetworksTime Synchronization for ZigBee Networks ZigBee: “Wireless Control That Simply ZigBee: “Wireless Control That Simply
Works”Works” Journal of Neuroengineering and Journal of Neuroengineering and
RehabilitationRehabilitation Development of Ubiquitous Sensor Development of Ubiquitous Sensor
NetworkNetwork Wireless Technologies for Data Acquisition Wireless Technologies for Data Acquisition
SystemsSystems
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ZigBee ProductsZigBee Products
Development KitsDevelopment Kits SensorsSensors TransceiversTransceivers ModulesModules
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Current ZigBee UsesCurrent ZigBee Uses
Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental Monitoring Agricultural MonitoringAgricultural Monitoring Home Automation Still on HorizonHome Automation Still on Horizon
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ZigBee’s FutureZigBee’s Future
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7092
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Any Queries???Any Queries???
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ReferencesReferences http://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asp http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentationshttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations http://computing.arizona.edu/networkmasterplan/tech_hpe_0703.pdfhttp://computing.arizona.edu/networkmasterplan/tech_hpe_0703.pdf http://www.santafe.cc.fl.us/~faeds/presentations/2004%20Educational%20Techhttp://www.santafe.cc.fl.us/~faeds/presentations/2004%20Educational%20Tech
%20Landscape.ppt#11 %20Landscape.ppt#11 http://danielneamu.rdscv.ro/cutenews/images/gartner_hype_cycle_4.jpghttp://danielneamu.rdscv.ro/cutenews/images/gartner_hype_cycle_4.jpg http://www.embedded.com/shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=52600868 http://www.embedded.com/shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=52600868 http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/04/08/wo_brown081904.asphttp://www.technologyreview.com/articles/04/08/wo_brown081904.asp http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-zigbee.htm?http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-zigbee.htm?
referrer=adwords_campaign=zigbee_ad=013761&_content_kw=what%20is%20zigbeereferrer=adwords_campaign=zigbee_ad=013761&_content_kw=what%20is%20zigbee http://www.emba.uvm.edu/~jfrolik/papers/chris_prop.pdfhttp://www.emba.uvm.edu/~jfrolik/papers/chris_prop.pdf http://bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de/1743-0003-2-6/1743-0003-2-6.pdfhttp://bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de/1743-0003-2-6/1743-0003-2-6.pdf http://www.oki.com/en/otr/200/downloads/otr-200-R08.pdf http://www.oki.com/en/otr/200/downloads/otr-200-R08.pdf http://www.ece.uah.edu/~milenka/docs/dc_ssst05_synch.pdhttp://www.ece.uah.edu/~milenka/docs/dc_ssst05_synch.pdff http://www.merl.com/reports/docs/TR2005-029.pdf http://www.merl.com/reports/docs/TR2005-029.pdf http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_
and_zigbee.pptand_zigbee.ppt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7092http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7092 http://www.zigbee.org/en/spec_download/download_request.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/spec_download/download_request.asp
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Thank youThank youfor for
your attention!your attention!
Have a nice Day!Have a nice Day!