Post on 14-Dec-2015
World War II – 1939-1945• Causes• 1. Treaty of Versailles – 1919 – punished
Germany for World War I• 2. Great Depression – 1929-1940 – world-wide
economic problems• 3. Nationalism/Militarism• 4. Rise of totalitarianism – government has
complete control • 5. Fascism– one person controls the
government – Dictatorship – government is more important than individuals
Europe
• Italy• 1922 – Benito Mussolini
becomes dictator of Italy – “Il Duce” (the leader)
• Blackshirts• Promised to bring order
and prosperity to Italy• 1935 – invaded Ethiopia• Wanted to create a new
Roman Empire
• Germany• Nazis – National Socialist German
Workers’ Party• 1923 – Adolf Hitler attempts to
overthrow government – he is arrested and jailed – writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
• Aryan – Master Race• 1932 – Hitler elected Chancellor of
Germany - Der Fuhrer( the leader)• Third Reich – set up dictatorship
over Germany• 1. Rebuilt Military • 2. Began massive jobs programs • 3. took back Rhineland - 1936• 4. began discrimination against
Jews• Kristallnacht – night of broken
glass – Nov. 9, 1938• SA – Sturmabteilung –
Brownshirts• Night of the Long Knives - 1934• SS – Schutzstaffel – Hitler’s
bodyguard – eventually were running everything
• Gestapo – secret police
Axis Leaders
Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini
Swastika
Heil Hitler – Nazi salute probably based on old Roman custom
Adolf Hitler as a child
Benito Mussolini arrested for speaking about overthrowing government
Hitler Artwork
Hitler’s motherKlara
Hitler’s father,Alois
Nazi Rally at Nuremberg in 1936
Hitler Parades
The SA
The SS
The Gestapo
Europe
• 1936 – Germany and Italy formed Axis Powers – both desire more living space, resources, and power
• 1938 – Germany takes over Austria
• 1938-39 – Germany takes over Czechoslovakia
• September 1938 – Munich Conference –
• Appeasement – Neville Chamberlain
German Expansion
Munich Conference
Neville Chamberlain - Appeasement
Japan
• Japan needed natural resources, especially oil• 1931 – Japan invades Manchuria in China• By 1937, Japan controls most of Northern China• Franklin Roosevelt cuts off the sale of metals
and oil to Japan to punish them for their aggression
• Japan decides that America is a threat and begins planning an attack
• Emperor Hirohito• Military Dictatorship – General Hideki Tojo• Japan joins Axis Powers in 1940
Japanese Expansion
Hirohito
Admiral Yamamoto
General Hideki Tojo
War Begins• September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland
– France and England (Allied Powers) declare war on Germany (Phony War)
• Winston Churchill – British Prime Minister • Blitzkrieg - lightning war• April 1940 – Denmark and Norway conquered• May-June 1940 – France conquered – England
is alone• U.S. President–Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933-1945• Lend-Lease Act - 1940 – U.S. loans weapons
and supplies to England• Atlantic Charter – August 1941• December 7, 1941 - Japanese bomb U.S. naval
base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Allied Leaders
Winston Churchill
Arizona Memorial
Mobilizing for War• 1940 – Selective Training and Service Act • 15 million Americans joined military• War Production Board• Women and Minorities – Rosie the Riveter• Tuskegee Airmen• Navajo Codetalkers• Japanese-Americans – Nisei - many faced
internment (imprisonment) in 1942 – over 125,000 lost their possessions and stayed in prison camps until the war is over
• War Bonds
• Victory Gardens
• Rationing
Internment Camps for Japanese Americans
Battles in North Africa and Europe
• Battle of the Atlantic – 1940-44 – America trying to send supplies and troops to England
• Battle of Britain - 1940• Africa – fighting was for control of oil fields and
Suez Canal• El Alamein – November 1942• 1. Bernard Montgomery – British General• 2. Erwin Rommel – German General – Desert • Fox• Dwight Eisenhower – Main American
commander
Bernard Montgomery
Erwin Rommel
European Battles
• Eastern Front• June 22, 1941 - Germany
invades Soviet Union • Sept. 1942-February
1943 – Stalingrad - turning point of the war
• August 1943 – Kursk• Joseph Stalin – Dictator
of Soviet Union - Communism
• Western Front• November 1942, Allies invade
North Africa• September 1943 – Allies
invade Italy• 1942-45 – Allied Bombing of
Germany• June 6, 1944 – D-Day – Allies
invade German-occupied France
• December 1944 – Battle of the Bulge
• Roosevelt dies on April 12, 1945 – Harry Truman becomes President
• Hitler commits suicide on April 30, 1945
• Germany surrenders on May 7, 1945
• VE Day – Victory in Europe – May 8, 1945
Joseph Stalin Dwight D. Eisenhower
Bernard Montgomery George S. Patton
Battle of Stalingrad
D-Day – June 6, 1944
D-Day Maps
D-Day
D-Day
Battle of the Bulge
Battle of the Bulge
Mussolini and Mistress
Eva Braun and Hitler
Harry Truman
Japanese Battles• Philippines – December 1941-May 1942• Chester Nimitz – American naval commander• Douglas Macarthur – American Army commander• Midway – June 1942 – turning point in Pacific• Guadalcanal – August 1942- February 1943• Island-hopping• Battle of Leyte Gulf – October 1944• Iwo Jima – February 1945 – Kamikaze (Divine Wind)• Okinawa – April – June 1945• Manhattan Project• August 6, 1945 – U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima
– “Little Boy”• August 9, 1945 – second bomb dropped on Nagasaki –
“Fat Man”• August 15, 1945 – Japan surrenders• VJ Day – Victory over Japan – September 2, 1945
Douglas Macarthur Chester Nimitz
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
Kamikaze about to hit U.S.S. Missouri
Assembly of first atomic bomb
Atomic Bomb explosions
Cost/Effects of the War• 50 to 60 million dead – maybe as
many as 100 million• Cost between 1 to 2 trillion dollars• Europe and parts of Asia
devastated• Europe divided between a free
West and a Communist East controlled by Soviet Union – Iron Curtain
• United States emerges as a world superpower and leader of the free world – Soviet Union becomes main rival – Cold War
• NATO/Warsaw Pact – nuclear arms race – Soviet Union develops atomic weapons in 1949
• Holocaust – genocide (murder) of Jews in Europe
• 6 million dead – two-thirds of all Jews in Europe – 11 million total
• Death Camps• Nuremberg Trials – Nazi leaders
tried for war crimes in 1945-46 – 12 executed
• International Military Tribunal for the Far East – war crimes trials for Japan – 720 executed
• Creation of United Nations• Creation of Israel• Marshall Plan
German Concentration Camps
Crematorium
Auschwitz
Gas Chamber at Auschwitz
Auschwitz
Oskar Schindler
Herman GoeringHeinrich Himmler
Nazi Leaders
Josef Goebbels
Adolf Eichmann
Josef Mengele
German Tanks
German Tiger Tank
American Sherman Tank
Russian T-34
Flamethrower
German MP-40
MG-42
Kar-98
M-1
BAR
US machine gun
American B-17 bomber
American P-51 Mustang
American P-38 Lightning
German Me-109
German Me-262 – first jet plane
German V-1 buzzbomb
V-2 – first guided missile