Wheelock XXIIIParticiples

Participles

• Participles are verbal adjectives

o a loving mother, a shaved face

• That is, adjectives formed from a verb stem

• Most verbs have four participles: present active, future

active, perfect passive, and future passive (also called

the gerundive)

Participles

Active PassivePresent present stem + ns

(gen. -ntis)---

Perfect --- partic. stem + -us, -a, -um

Future participial stem + -ūrus, -ūra, ūrum

present stem + -ndus, -nda, -ndum

Remember that these are adjectives, and as such, they agree with the nouns they modify in what three ways?

Participles

Forming the Participial StemIt’s the Perfect Passive Participle minus the ending

Forming the Perfect Passive ParticipleIt’s the fourth principal part. Simple as that, bro.

laudō, laudāre, laudavī, laudāt/um

Hints:The present active is marked by -nt- in almost all formsThe future active always contains -ūr-The future passive (the gerundive) is marked by -nd-

Example: agō, agere, ēgī, āctum

Active PassivePresent agēns, agentis

leading---

Perfect --- āctus, -a, -umhaving been led

Future āctūrus, -a, -umabout to lead

agendus, -a, -um(about) to be led;

deserving to be led

3rd-io & 4th conjugations have -ie- in both present active participle (-iēns, ientis) and future passive (-iendus, -a, -um).

Declining thePresent Active Participle

Singular M/F NNominative agēns agēnsGenitive agentis agentisDative agentī agentīAccusative agentem agēnsAblative agentī, agente agentī, agente

PluralNominative agentēs agentiaGenitive agentium agentiumDative agentibus agentibusAccusative agentēs agentiaAblative agentibus agentibus

Translating

videō, vidēre, vīdī, visum = to seeGraecī nautae, videntēs Polyphēmum, timuērunt.

The Greek sailors, __________ Polyphemus, were afraid.

Graecī nautae, vīsī ā Polyphēmō, timent.The Greek sailors, ________ by Polyphemus, are

afraid.

Graecī nautae, vīsūrī Polyphēmum, timuērunt.The Greek sailors, __________ Polyphemus, were

afraid.

Translate

A) educatus B) premēns C) premendus

D) vertēntī E) versūrus F) dictus

G) dīcentis H) dictūra I) cupientēs

J) cupītōrum K) cupiendōs L) cupiendus

Translate

1. Captus nihil dīxit.

2. Dōna petentem nōn amō.

3. Ad lūdum fīlium meum docendum mīsī.

Translate

1. Vivēs meīs praesidiīs oppressus. (praesidium, -iī = guard)

2. Illī autem, tendentēs manūs dextrās, salūtem petēbant. (tendo, tendere = to stretch, extend)

3. Tantalus sitiēns flūmina ab ōre fugientia tangere dēsīderābat. (sitīre = to thirst)

4. Atticus Ciceronī fugientī multam pecūniam dedit.

5. Scrīptūrus bonum libellum saepe stilum vertit.(stilum vertere = to invert the stilus = to erase)

Underline participles. Translate.

1. Cūra ōrātōris dictūrī eōs audītūrōs dēlectat.

2. Legēns Platōnem, mortī Sōcratis semper illacrimō.(Socrates, -cratis.---illacrīmāre = to weep over [takes dat.])

3. Memoria vītae āctae bene est iūcunda.

4. Quī timēns vīvet, līber nōn erit umquam.

5. Verbum, semel ēmissum, volat irrevocābile.(semel = once---ēmittere---volāre = to fly---irrevocabilis,

-e)

Chapter 23 QuizA B

1. arx, arcis 5. mīlēs, militis2. gaudeō, -ēre 6. dux, ducis3. umquam 7. quisquis4. peto, petere 8. equus, -ī

9. A leaf that is hastate has the shape of a _______.10. Equestrian pertains to _______ riding.

1. Provide a participle chart for sciō, scīre, scīvī, scītum.2. Translate the above forms. (to know)3. Provide a participle chart for ēducō, ēducāre, educāvī, ēducātum.4. Graecī nautae, videntēs Polyphēmum, timuērunt.5. Captus nihil dīxit.6. Vivēs meīs praesidiīs oppressus.7. Atticus Ciceronī fugientī multam pecuniam dēdit.8. Legēns Platonem, semper illacrimō.

Ch. 23 Again!

1. Participle chart (with translations) for moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum (to warn).

2. Audiens canem, vir currit.3. Captus nihil dīxit.4. Legens Platonem, semper illacrimo.5. Facturus panem, ego ēmī triticum.

(bread) (I bought) (wheat)