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Wheelock 18:The Passive Voice

The passive voice will be learned by us.

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 3rd-io, and 4th conjugations

Present, imperfect, and future tenses (Present Active System)

Perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses (Perfect Active System)

You have learned…

{It will be enjoyed.

Now for 1st/2nd conjugations in the Present Passive System

{ {Active Voice

I love. I kick the ball.

Passive Voice

I am loved. The ball is kicked

by me.

What is passive voice?- The subject of the

sentence is receiving an action.

I kicked the ball.

David sent the letter.

The school paid for the trip.

He pushed me.

We ate cake.

Make each sentence passive.

Singular Plural1st

person–r –mur

2nd person

–ris –minī

3rd person

–tur –ntur

Personal Endings

Singular Plural

1st Amor(I am being loved)

Amamur (we are loved)

2nd Amaris(You are being loved)

Amaminī (y’all are loved)

3rd Amatur (he/she/it is loved)

Amantur (they are loved)

Present PassiveStem + personal ending

(except 1st singular)

Example: amō, amāre, amavī, amatum

Singular Plural

1st Amabar (I used to be loved)

Amabamur(we were being

loved)2nd Amabaris

(You were loved)Amabaminī

(y’all used to be loved)

3rd Amabatur (he/she/it was loved)

Amabantur(they were being

loved)Imperfect Passive

Stem + ba + personal ending

Example: amō, amāre, amavī, amatum

Singular Plural

1st Amabor (I will be loved)

Amabimur (we will be loved)

2nd Amaberis (You will be loved)

Amabiminī (y’all will be loved)

3rd Amabitur (he/she/it will be

loved)

Amabuntur (they will be loved)

Future PassiveIt’s a little different

Example: amō, amāre, amavī, amatum

Present Passive Infinitive Change that final –e to an

–ī

amāre = to loveamārī = to be loved

Urbem dēlēbant. They were destroying the city. Urbs dēlēbātur. The city was being destroyed.

Patriam cōnservābit. He will save the country. Patria cōnservābitur.

The country will be saved.

Practice

1. Moveor2. Miscebatur3. Moveberis4. Miscemur5. Movebuntur6. Miscebamini7. Moverī

Practice

Ablative preceded by ab or ā Like Ablative of Means but a

person

Ablative of Personal Agent

Urbs ab malīs virīs dēlēbātur. The city was being destroyed by evil men.

Urbs flammīs dēlēbatur. The city was being destroyed by flames.

Caesar ā dīs admonētur. Caesar was being warned by the gods.

Caesar hīs prōdigiīs admonētur. Caesar was warned by these omens.

Ablative of Personal Agent

1. What are the four characteristics of a verb that we know?

2. Given teneō, tenēre = to hold, translate the following:

a. Tenēbāmur.

b. Tenēbor.

c. Tenētur.

d. Tenēbiminī.

e. Teneor.

Probitās laudātur––et alget.–Juvenal (algēre = to be neglected)

Possunt quia posse videntur. – Virgil (quia = because)

Amor miscērī cum timōre nōn potest.– Publilius Syrus

Numquam enim temeritās cum sapientiā commiscētur.– Cicero (temeritās = rashness)

Laudātur ab hīs; culpātur ab illīs.– HoraceTranslate. Identify any Ablatives of

Agent.

A B1. flūmen, flūminis 5. probitās, probitātis2. moveō, movēre… 6. cūr3. legō, legere… 7. deinde4. scientia, -ae 8. misceō, miscēre…

Ch. 18 Vocabulary Quiz

9. Give an English derivative from column A.10. Give an English derivative from column B.

1. Conjugate portō, portāre, portāvī, portātum in the present passive system (present, imperfect, and future).

2. Translate the eighteen forms in the previous question. (portare = to carry)

3. Translate three of the four following sentences:

a) Nostra corpora semper mūtantur.b) Laudātur ab hīs; culpātur ab illīs.c) Probitās laudātur––et alget.d) Omnia mūtantur, omnia fluunt.Chapter 18 Grammar

Quiz

Singular Plural1st2nd3rd