Welcome to22481 Introduction to medical imaging

Biomedical EngineeringHealth Tech

Jens E. Wilhjelm°, Markus Nowak Lonsdale¹,Lars G. Hanson² & Mikael Jensen³(with assistance by Mads Fjelbro Klavsen³)

°Biomedical Instrumentation, ²Center for Magnetic ResonanceDepartment of Health Technology

¹Department of nuclear medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, ³Hevesy laboratory, DTU Nutech (Risø), DTU

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ContentMedical imaging and course objectives

The plot

Format of the course

COVID-19

SIS

This afternoon

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What is medical imaging?

Tomographic (tomo = slice) images of living tissueProjection (or shadow) images of living tissue

What does the images show?Structure or anatomy:

Organs (lungs, heart, liver, bones, blood vessels, etc)

Functionality:Blood flow (occlusion in vessels, perfusion, etc)

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What does medical imaging reveal?

A broken boneCancerOcclusion of blood vessels (Atherosclerosis)Heart (dis)functionalityMuscle (dis)functionalityPregnancy follow-upBrain functionand much more......

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Imaging modalitiesSound:

Diagnostic ultrasound (acoustical impedance diff)

X-ray:Planar (projection) (density)Computed Tomography (CT) (density)

Radioactive tracers (Nuclear medicine):SPECT (intensity of radioactive tracer)PET (intensity of radioactive tracer)

Radio waves:Magnetic Resonance Imaging (eg. H2O content)

Elec

trom

agne

tic ra

diat

ion

Mec

hani

ncal

vibr

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n

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Course objectives

In short:Understand X-ray, CT, PET, US and MRIBe able to work with real images in MATLABDo laboratory work (?)Do independent and team-wise project workWrite an impressive report

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ContentMedical imaging and course objectives

The plot

Format of the course

COVID-19

SIS

This afternoon

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Looking for the unknown

(Photograph removed)

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An image says a thousand words, but you need to know the words

Sour

ce: W

ikip

edia

(Photograph removed)

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The phantoms

(Photograph removed)

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Tissue in agar block

Fiducial markers(or reference markers)

Agar

Phantom number in binary Tube for radioactive tracer

Tissue

Phantom number

Acrylic lid

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ContentMedical imaging and course objectives

The plot

Format of the course

COVID-19

SIS

This afternoon

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The main flow of the courseYou will get:

A photograph of the phantom surfaceMedical imaged from Bispebjerg hospital and DTUPhotograps of sliced tissue to make a reference

You will:Maybe do some home experimentsDo some image handling, processing and analysisStudy the physics of the imaging modalitiesMake a final report on the above and based on 4 assignments

(Photograph removed)

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The time lineLectures etc

13-14:30

MRI

PET

X-ray & CT

US

MRI

September

December

Data recording & analysis14:30-17:00

Top photo

MRIX-ray

CT &PET

US

Slicing

AssignmentsHome

0

1

2

3

4

Final report

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Next Thursday

Next module (one week before Bispebjerg):Short lecture on all modalitiesVideo about the same (if I find time to produce)MRI as already planned

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Which objects to identify?

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Which objects to identify?

All things within the limit of the acrylic box

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Which objects to identify?

I 22481

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The main flow of the course

Study the imaging techniques!!!

(Photograph removed)

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Format of the course: Homepage

courses.healthtechnology.dtu.dk/22481

(how to nagivate in these pages)

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Format of the course: The plan

We do not have "grupperegning". We have project work!So all rehearsal for the exam is on your own!

Read in advance to lecture. Otherwise it will be very fustrating for you.

courses.healthtechnology.dtu.dk/2248121/53

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Language

Normally English lecturesAll written material is in EnglishDuring project work, guidance is in Danish/EnglishReport language is your choicePlease consider writing assignments 1 to 4 in English

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The Web Book of Medical Imaging

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Peer-reviewSet-up:

Assignments 1 and 2 are individual and will be peer reviewed.Assignments 3 and 4 are team-wise and will be reviewed by TAs.

Procedure for Assignment 1:All students opload their reportsEach report is then sent to three different students:1. Each student have to use a scoring sheet (Rubric) to score each of

the three reports2. All reviews are meant to be double-blinded so:

No name in text, in properties nor in file name3. I will oversee the entire process4. Problems in Learn or CampusNet (Inside):

Please ask TAs to help.Pease document these!

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Report writing

Reading and writing reports have to be to seperate processes.If citing text, there is only one way: In quotes (that is: "bla bla") with reference immediately after the end-quote. Otherwise, it will be considered plagarism and treated as such!When does the work start?

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Exam

Type:24 problems MC exam lasting 2 hours (in English)Designed so that remembering how to solve a problem does not help much. The idea is that the process of leaning is important!Exam problems and solutions for all previous years are available.

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ContentMedical imaging and course objectives

The plot

Format of the course

COVID-19

SIS

This afternoon

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ContentMedical imaging and course objectives

The plot

Format of the course

COVID-19

SIS

This afternoon

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COVID-19

Follow general rulesAccess to kitchen - but keep nice and tidy, please

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ContentMedical imaging and course objectives

The plot

Format of the course

COVID-19

SIS

This afternoon

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The SIS toolbox(self-contained image structure)

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SIS: zoom on 2D example

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SIS: zoom on 2D example

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SIS: zoom on 2D example

distance in mm

dist

ance

in m

m

image values

Data.Images

Data.Axes(2).Axis

Dat

a.Ax

es(1

).Axi

s

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SIS: zoom on 2D example

Data.Images

Data.Axes(2).Axis

Dat

a.Ax

es(1

).Axi

s

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The SIS structureData.Images: [100x200x50 double]Data.ImageType: 'intensity'Data.Axes: [1x3 struct]Data.ImagesLabel: 'Magnitude'Data.ImagesSymbol: 'HV'Data.ImagesUnit: 'HU'Data.Date: 7.3329e+005Data.Object: 'Phantom 1'Data.Operator: 'mnl'Data.Where: 'Bispebjerg Hospital'Data.ScannerType: 'CT'Data.Settings: (e.g. DICOM header)

Main fields:

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SIS: 3D example

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SIS: 3D example

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SIS: 3D example

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SIS: 3D example

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SIS: 3D example

1Data.Images( , , )1

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SIS: 3D example

12

Data.Images( , , )1 2

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SIS: 3D example

12

3

Data.Images( , , )1 2 3

*

* By sis_zoom43/53

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SIS: 3D example

12

3

Data.Images( , , )1 2 3

is fixed for this image3*

* By sis_zoom44/53

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SIS: 3D example

3

3

Data.Images( , , )1 2 3

* By sis_zoom

*

is fixed for this image1

22

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SIS: 3D example

3

3

Data.Images( , , )1 2 3

* By sis_zoom

*

is fixed for this image1

22

( )( )(New image)

1

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SIS: 3D example

DataOut = sis_zoom( DataIn, [45 1 1], [45 50 25], 'iii') output input start stop mode

DataIn.Images is100 by 50 by 25

DataOut.Images is:1 by 50 by 25 which is changed to 50 by 25

Dimension 1 disappearsDimension 2 becomes dimension 1Dimension 3 becomes dimension 2(50 by 25 can be changed to 25 by 50 via sis_reorder)

3 3 3

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SIS: What do you need?

MATLAB (ideal is 2017a, but others may also work)Image processing toolbox (plus more?)

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Teaching assistants-how can they help?

Here you need Oraculus:MyImage = ones(3,3);MyImage = 3*MyInage;

Here you might need a teaching assistant (TA):MyImage = ones(3,3);imagesc( [1 5 6], [22 23 50], MyImage); colorbar;

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ContentMedical imaging and course objectives

The plot

Format of the course

COVID-19

SIS

This afternoon

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This afternoon

349.214 & 215(two phantoms at a time,

starting with teams 1 and 2)

Optical scanning of

phantomJens E. Wilhjelm

349.019,025,034(all other teams)

Treasure hunt(see the plan)

Try examples in SIS guide

Work with data from optical scanning

(homepage)

Mads Fjeldbro Klavsen

Forming teamsYou are

here

17:00

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Team establishment(only for those not in a team)

Procedure:If you are a bachelor from MedTek, try to form teamIf not a bachelor from MedTek OR not forming a team with only MedTek:

Come to me right nowPresentation roundForming of teams

All teams:Within 1 hour, submit to jwil@dtu.dk a mail with:

Team members name and study IDTeam title, if you so desire

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The last slide of today

My basic philosophy:I hear, and I forgetI see, and I know where to look for it laterI write & draw, and I rememberI do, and I understand

and ...We do not teach biomedical engineering, we teach you to be a biomedical engineer

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