Medical ImagingMedical Imaging

Lection 3

Basic QuestionsBasic Questions

Imaging in Medical Sciences

Transmission Imaging

PACS and DICOM

1. 1. Imaging in Medical SciencesImaging in Medical Sciences

A Multidisciplinary Field

Medical Imaging and Image Analysis

Medical Imaging Modalities

Medical Imaging Information

Scheme of image processingScheme of image processing

Paradigms of medical image Paradigms of medical image processingprocessing

2. Transmission Imaging2. Transmission Imaging

Medical Imaging Thru TransmissionElectromagnetic (EM) Radiation and ImagingX-ray Imaging and RadiographyCT imaging – in the past and currentMagnetic Resonance ImagingNuclear Medicine ImagingOptical ImagingEmerging Technologies

3. PACS and DICOM3. PACS and DICOM

Picture archiving and communication system

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine

Picture archiving and Picture archiving and communication systemcommunication system

In medical imaging, picture archiving picture archiving and communication systems (PACS)and communication systems (PACS) are computers or networks dedicated to the storage, retrieval, distribution and presentation of images.

The most common format for image storage is DICOM (Digital Imaging and DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)Communications in Medicine)..

Picture archiving and Picture archiving and communication system usescommunication system uses

PACS replaces hard-copyhard-copy based means of managing medical images, such as film archives.It expands on the possibilities of such conventional systems by providing capabilities of off-site viewing and reporting (distance educationdistance education, , telediagnosistelediagnosis).Additionally, it enables practitioners at various physical locations to access the same information simultaneously.provide a single point of accesssingle point of access for images and their associated data. It should also interface with existing hospital information systems (HIS)hospital information systems (HIS)

Picture archiving and Picture archiving and communication system architecturecommunication system architecture

Typically a PACS network consists of:a central servercentral server that stores a database containing the images connected to one or more clients via a LANLAN or a WANWAN which provide or utilize the images.Web-basedWeb-based Picture archiving and communication system is becoming more and more common: these systems utilize the Internet as their means of communication, usually via VPNVPN (Virtual Private Network) (Virtual Private Network) or SSLSSL (Secure Sockets (Secure Sockets Layer).Layer). The software (thinthin or smart clientsmart client) is loaded via ActiveXActiveX, JavaJava,, or .NET Framework.NET Framework.Client workstationsClient workstations can use local peripheralsperipherals for scanning image films into the system, printing image films from the system and interactive display of digital images.

PACS PACS aimaim

PACS PACS purposepurpose

PACS examplePACS exampless

Digital Imaging and Communications Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicinein Medicine

It is a standard for handling, storing, handling, storing, printingprinting, and transmitting informationtransmitting information in medical imaging.It includes a file formatfile format definition definition and a networknetwork communications protocolcommunications protocol.The communication protocol is an application protocol that uses TCP/IP to communicate between systems.DICOM files can be exchanged between two entities that are capable of receiving image and patient data in DICOM format.

DICOMDICOM

The National Electrical Manufacturers National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationAssociation (NEMA) (NEMA) holds the copyright to this standard.

DICOMDICOM enables the integration of enables the integration of scanners, scanners, servers, workstations, printers,servers, workstations, printers, and and network hardwarenetwork hardware from multiple from multiple manufacturers into a manufacturers into a PACSPACS..

The different devices come with DICOM The different devices come with DICOM conformance statements which clearly state conformance statements which clearly state the DICOM classes they support. the DICOM classes they support.

DICOMDICOMDICOM differs from other data formats in that it DICOM differs from other data formats in that it groups information into groups information into data setsdata sets. That means that . That means that a file of an X-Ray of a chest actually contains the a file of an X-Ray of a chest actually contains the patient ID within the file, so that the image can patient ID within the file, so that the image can never be separated from this information by never be separated from this information by mistake.mistake.

A DICOM data object consists of a number of A DICOM data object consists of a number of attributesattributes, including items such as , including items such as name, IDname, ID, etc., , etc., and also and also one special attribute containing the one special attribute containing the image pixel dataimage pixel data (i.e. logically, the main object has (i.e. logically, the main object has no "header" as such - merely a list of attributes, no "header" as such - merely a list of attributes, including the pixel data). including the pixel data).

DICOMDICOMhttp://www.mccauslandcenter.sc.edu/mricro/dicom/index.html

DICOMDICOMhttp://www.mccauslandcenter.sc.edu/mricro/dicom/index.html

http://www.mccauslandcenter.sc.edu/mricro/dicom/index.htmlDICOMDICOM

The End