Transcript of Washington's Presidency
- 1. President Washington transforms the ideas of the
Constitution into a real government. George Washington 1st
President of the United States
- 2. State court decisions may be appealed to federal courts
Judiciary Act of 1789 Creates Supreme Court 3 circuit courts 13
district courts
- 3. Washington Shapes the Executive Branch Washington elected
first president of U.S. in 1789 Executive branch is president, vice
president Congress creates State, War, Treasury Departments
President Washington (far right) meets with his first Cabinet:
(from left to right) Henry Knox, Thomas Jefferson, Edmund Randolph
(with back turned), and Alexander Hamilton.
- 4. Alexander Hamilton becomes Secretary of Treasury Washington
adds Attorney General These Department heads are Cabinet
- 5. Hamilton and Jefferson in Conflict Hamilton: Strong central
government led by wealthy/educated Jefferson: Strong state, local
government; Peoples participation Hamilton has Northern support;
Jefferson has Southern/Western support ALEXANDER HAMILTON 17551804
THOMAS JEFFERSON 17431826
- 6. Hamiltons Economic Plan U.S. owes millions to foreign
countries, Private citizens Plan Pay foreign debt with money
collected from excise taxes and protective tariffs Create a
National Bank Assume states debt Some Southern states have paid
debts, against taxes to pay for North
- 7. Plan for a National Bank Hamilton proposes Bank of the
United States: Funded by government/ private investors Issue paper
money/handle taxes
- 8. Disagreement over Congressional authority to establish bank
Debate begins over strict and loose interpretation of Constitution
Strict interpretation (Jefferson): If it doesn't specifically say
you can then you can't. Loose interpretation (Hamilton): If it
doesn't specifically say you can't then you can.
- 9. The District of Columbia To win Southern support for his
debt plan, Hamilton suggests: moving nations capital from NYC to
South Washington, D.C. planned on grand scale; government seat by
1800Pierre LEnfant proposed a federal capital of spacious,
tree-lined boulevards, symbolizing the freedom of the young
republic.
- 10. Split in Washingtons cabinet leads to first U.S. political
parties Federalists and Democratic-Republicans Jeffersons allies:
Democratic-Republicans Hamiltons allies: Federalists Two-party
system established as two major parties compete for power
- 11. Protective tariff Import tax on goods produced overseas
Excise tax Charged on products manufacture, sale, or
distribution
- 12. Whiskey Rebellion Pennsylvania farmers refuse to pay excise
tax on whiskey (which Hamilton called a luxury but they called a
necessity). They used whiskey as a medium of exchange in a barter
system (like money) Beat up federal marshals, threaten secession,
no major loss of life Federal government shows it can enforce laws
by sending in militia
- 13. Whiskey Rebellion: A group of rebels taking part in the
Whiskey Rebellion tar and feather a tax collector.
- 14. Events in Europe sharply divide American public opinion in
the late 18th century. French revolutionaries storm the Bastille in
Paris, France, on July 14, 1789.
- 15. Reactions to the French Revolution Federalists pro-British
Democratic-Republicans pro-French Washington declares neutrality,
will not support either side
- 16. Jays Treaty Chief Justice John Jay makes treaty with
Britain, angers Americans British evacuate posts in Northwest, may
continue fur trade British do not agree to stop seizing ships and
sailors United States northern region circa 1794
- 17. Treaty with Spain Pinckneys Treaty of 1795, or Treaty of
San Lorenzo, signed. Spain gives up claims to western U.S.
Florida-U.S. boundary set at 31st parallel Mississippi River open
to U.S. traffic
- 18. Fights in the Northwest Miami tribe chief, Little Turtle,
defeats U.S. army Battle of Fallen Timbers General Anthony Wayne
defeats Miami Confederacy at Fallen Timbers Miami sign Treaty of
Greenville Give up southern 2/3 of Ohio Get less than actual value
for land The Miami war chief Little Turtle negotiates with General
Anthony Wayne.
- 19. During his farewell address, Washington gave the nation two
pieces of advice: 1. Do not enter into permanent entangling
alliances 2. Do not create political parties. While we ignored the
second piece of advice, we managed to stay neutral through the
first several presidents