Post on 17-Apr-2020
VERIFUEL – UNDERSTANDING MARINE FUEL
Background visual To change background visual:
• Right click on the slide • Click “Format background” • Choose your image (Size:
1920x1080px)
2020 FUELS Bill Stamatopoulos
Nov 2018
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
Fuel DefiniCons
ü Ultra low sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO), max 0.10% S ü Very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO), max 0.50% S ü Low sulphur fuel oil (LSFO), max 1.00% S ü High sulphur fuel oil (HSFO), above 1.00% S
ü LS MGO – max 0.10% S (no heaEng required) ü HS MGO – above 0.10% S (no heaEng required)
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
Sulphur % in crude and products
Sulphur Crude AGO L. VGO H. VGO Atm. Resid Vac. Resid
Doba 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.12
Statfjord 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.36 0.4 0.6
Brent 0.37 0.185 0.37 0.666 0.74 1.11
Khakhzastan 0.75 0.375 0.75 1.35 1.5 2.25
Zakum 1 0.5 1 1.8 2 3
Oman 2 1 2 3.6 4 6
Iran heavy 3.5 1.75 3.5 6.3 7 10.5
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
Majors: There will be enough compliant fuel
ü Lukoil in the market; BP, Galp & Cepsa to follow ü Shell: VLSFO in 13 ports US, Europe, ME, Africa and Singapore ü EM: CompaEble VLFSO marine blends at 7 ports (80:20?) ü Sinopec will supply VLSFO in 2019 iniEally in Chinese ports ü SK InnovaEon plans to double markeEng volumes of VLSFO ü Hyundai Oilbank will start supplying VLSFO in Oct 2019 Refineries producing HSFO will be the most threatened, the ones with min HSFO (coking, hydrocracking) see 2020 as opportunity to print cash
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
Blending:
AromaCcs: ü Improve stability ü NegaEve impact on igniEon properEes
Paraffins: ü May disturb stability ü Improves igniEon properEes ü Expensive product
GOAL: Balance between Paraffins and AromaEcs
Technical consideraCons
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
6
§ Historically, the controlling parameters for refiners or blenders have been viscosity and density, before Sulphur became so important
§ Suppliers and traders have had to
develop their methods so that increased blending acEviEes meet the required S content, albeit at the expense of the product’s overall quality
Blending
Parameters Sulphur > 1.50% Sulphur < 1.50%
Density (kg/m3) 980.5 986.4
Viscosity (mm2/s) 239 87
MCR (%m/m) 10.7 7.9
Sulphur (%m/m) 2.11 1.46
Calcium (mg/kg) 3 13
Al + Si (mg/kg) 18 66
CCAI 847 864
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
ü Stability ü CompaCbility: No guarantee that a vessel bunkering a 0.50% S at Roferdam will
then be able to pick up a compaEble fuel in Singapore as it goes east
ü West: Focusing on fuel oil soluEon (US/Europe – old refineries)
ü East: Focusing on disEllate based soluEon (India/China – high tech refineries) ü Acidity: Sweet crude sources with high Acid Number (e.g. DOBA)
ü Viscosity: No minimum limit in ISO 8217, Table 2
ü CCAI: Larger difference between viscosity and density
Technical consideraCons
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
ü Pour Point: ULSFO/VLSFOs close to max limits
ü AddiEves may be applied to suppress PP. WAT can be significantly above PP (in blend comp A, WAT will be higher than 51C and cannot be suppressed by addiEves)
ü The visc for blend comp A is “fairly high” (25 cSt) but what if this was lower. Worst case scenario would be that you have to heat the fuel in tanks, and in order to get it through separators and filters, then cool it down in order to inject (be careful not to cool too much as it would then go solid!)
Technical consideraCons
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Parameter Blend comp A Blend comp B
Density @ 15C, g/cm3 0.8787 0.8781
Sulphur, % m/m 0.131 0.352
Viscosity, cSt 6.249 (100˚C) 11.28 (100˚C)
Pour Point,˚C +51 +48
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
2 NEW VLSFOs
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Parameters RMD 80 RMK 380
Density (kg/m3) 911.6 999.1
Viscosity (mm2/s) 35.4 325.0
MCR (%m/m) 2.77 11.6
Sulphur (%m/m) 0.48 0.49
Water % (V/V) 0.02 0.1
TSA % (m/m) 0.02 0.04
Pour Point (°C) 24 -‐12
Al + Si (mg/kg) 5 15
CCAI 803 862
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
Trials in USA with VGO
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Test Unit Blend 1 (70% LS Vistar + 30% HTU2) Blend 2 (40% HS Vistar + 60% HTU2) Blend 3 (50% HCGO + 50% HTU2) Blend 4 (10% HCGO + 90% Reduced crude)
Density at 15 °C kg/m³ 956.2 914.9 945.5 945.6 Viscosity at 50 °C mm²/s 103.2 13.61 7,115 59.27
Flash Point Deg C 88.0 73.0 65.0 128.0
Pour Point Deg C -‐9 -‐30 -‐30 9
MCR % m/m 11.08 6.91 1.20 2.08
Ash content % m/m 0.014 0.019 0.004 0.011
TSP % m/m 0.05 0.07 <0.01 <0.01
Water % v/v 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.10 Sulphur % m/m 0.79 0.57 0.44 0.40 CCAI 832 825 871 829
Acid number mg KOH/g 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.21
Vanadium mg/kg 11 24 <1 2 Sodium mg/kg 4 17 2 4 Aluminium + Silicon mg/kg 33 <15 15 26 ULO metals -‐ free of free of free of free of TSA % m/m 0.20 0.27 0.01 <0.01 P-‐value 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.10
HCGO : HEAVY COKER GAS OIL HCO: HEAVY CYCLE OIL
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
ü The Publically Available SpecificaEon (PAS 23263) for the interim period will provide detailed guidance to fuel suppliers and users on key idenEfied fuel characterisEcs/aspects such as stability and cold flow properEes (wax precipitaEon). Feedback on PAS to IMO by MEPC 74. PAS will help to deliver full revision of 8217 aver 2020
ISO 8217
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
ASTM D4740 – COMP. TEST
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
1 2 3 4 5
Not a reliable test method to use on ULSFO
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
New test methods for VLSFOs?
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Test DescripCon Method
P – Value Stability/Maximum FlocculaEon RaEo and PepEzing Power
ASTM D7060
SARA Saturates, AromaEcs, Resins, Asphaltenes & composiEon (paraffinic content vs aromaEc)
IP469
WAT -‐ wax appearance temperature
DSC IP389
Phase transiCon temperature DSR / DeterminaEon of iniEal point of crystallizaEon DSR
CIMAC WG7 Fuels assists ISO 8217 hfp://www.cimac.com/working-‐groups/wg7-‐fuels/index.html
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
ü Risk assessment and miEgaEon plan
ü How many Bunker tanks does each vessel have (HFO + MGO)? When were the tanks last cleaned?
ü How many Sefling and Service tanks does the vessel have (for change-‐over Eme)?
ü Evaluate tanks (segregaEon, heaEng capacity) & fuel treatment systems (separators, filters)
ü Need to change to a lower TBN cylinder oil?
ü Fixed trade routes or spot market?
ü How oven will the vessel be entering IMO’s ECAs?
ü Introduce new bunker or charter party clauses
ü De-‐bunkering of non-‐compliant fuel before the carriage ban
Preparing for 2020 fuels
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
ü Empty tank (only unpumpables remains)
ü Heat the fuel as much as possible (but <60°C)
ü Manually remove the unpumpables
ü Manually clean the tanks (preferably steam cleaned as well)
ü Fill tank with new compliant 2020 fuel
ü Consume almost all of the fuel (2% or less may remain) before 1 Jan 2020 so that the tank can be replenished with another batch of compliant 2020 fuel in the same tank
ü Tank should be ready for 2020 regulaEons
Tank Cleaning ….HFO tank to be used for VLSFO or MGO/MDO
99% VLSFO 0.49% + 1% HSFO 3.35% = 0.52% S
99% VLSFO 0.49% + 1.5% HSFO 3.35% = 0.535% S
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
ü Empty tank (only unpumpables remains) -‐ Heat the fuel as much as possible (but <60°C)
ü Add MGO or ULSFO in the tank (quanEty depending on tank volume)
ü Let the MGO or ULSFO remain in the tank for at least 1 week (preferably while sailing)
ü If possible, recirculate the fuel into the same tank as much as possible
ü Empty tank (only unpumpable remains) by either debunkering or if possible, transfer to sludge tank
ü Fill tank with new compliant 2020 fuel to max. safety limits. Try to get fuel with sulphur content <0.45%
ü Consume all of the fuel (max 2% may remain) in the tank preferably at least 4 months before 2020
ü Fill tank with new compliant 2020 fuel and take an engine inlet sample when at least 80% of the fuel in the tank has been consumed to test for S
ü If S content >0.50%, repeat last three steps ü If S content =<0.50%, then consume almost all of the fuel (2% or less should remain) before 1 Jan 2020 so
that the tank can be replenished with another batch of compliant 2020 fuel in the same tank
Tank cleaning
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
….HFO tank to be used for VLSFO or MGO/MDO
© COPYRIGHT BUREAU VERITAS
§ Prepare ship staff for: ü Receiving different viscosiEes (ex.187 cSt in port A, 23 cSt
in port B). Remember, most of the staff are used to 380 cSt fuel that does not differ too much from one delivery to another
ü SegregaEng each fuel by not mixing more than 95:5 raEo
ü Study CerEficate of Quality (CoQ) carefully before bunker operaEon
Preparing for 2020 fuels
© Copyright Bureau Veritas
Update / Check Change-‐over procedures
HS TankInlet
InletLS Tank
200 ltr/hr
50 ltr
Sulphur 3.50 % m/m Sulphur 0.499 % m/mInitial Temp 135.0 °C Initial Temp 30.0 °C
120 Min
7.00 °C
57.14 ltr/hr
400.34 Ltr
Recommended Flow rate for max. temp. drop 2 °C / min
Total quantity of FO-‐LS used
Calculation with different Service Tanks
Supply Pump
Independent piping to the change over procedure (Piping A)Change over associated piping (Piping B)
Required Parameters
Capacity of Mixing tube & Piping B
VLSFO
Total F.O Consumption (M/E & D/Gs)
HSFO
Max. Temperature Drop / min
Mixing Tube
A BEngines
Change over time required to reach 0.1% S LogEXP doesn't work so I set the base for the LOG = 2.71828182845904
Booster Pump
© Copyright Bureau Veritas
§ Difficult to adapt to a new environment ü Training ü Knowledge sharing ü CooperaEon
Conclusions
Thank you for your attention
bill.stamatopoulos@gr.bureauveritas.com