U.S. History

Chapter 12: A New National IdentitySection 2: Expansion & Improvement

The Missouri Compromise

•1819: Missouri seeks admission as a slave state

•11 free/11 slaves states

The Missouri Compromise

• Northern free states controlled House of Representatives due to greater population

Old House Chamber

The Missouri Compromise

•New slave state would give Southern slave states a majority in the Senate Old Senate Chamber

The Missouri Compromise

• Northern representatives in House pass legislative amendment admitting Missouri with restrictions on slavery:

– Banned importation of slaves

– Children of slaves became free at age 25

The Missouri Compromise

•Senate rejects amendment

•Henry Clay fosters a compromise

Henry Clay

The Missouri Compromise

• Missouri Compromise

– Missouri enters Union as a slave state

– Maine enters Union as a free state

– Slavery prohibited in new territories or states north of 36º 30’ latitude

Internal Improvements

• Henry Clay believed the key to avoiding regional conflicts was to link the country together with a national economy

Henry Clay

Internal Improvements

•American System—plan for using high tariffs to fund internal improvements

Internal Improvements

•Purpose of taxes:

–Keep Americans from buying foreign goods

– Improve roads & canals to better connect the country

New Roads & Canals

• Cumberland Road

– Built 1815-18

– Ran from Maryland to present-day West Virginia

– Panic of 1819 halted construction

Mile Marker from Cumberland Road

New Roads & Canals

• National Road: extended portion on the Cumberland Road that stretched to Illinois

New Roads & Canals

• Erie Canal: ran from Buffalo to Albany

New Roads & Canals

• Cost NY tax payers $7 million

New Roads & Canals

• Started a canal building boom

Election of 1824

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of State

Andrew Jackson

U.S. Senator (Tennessee)

vs.

Election of 1824

•Jackson wins popular vote

•No majority winner in Electoral College

•House of Representatives to choose winner

Election of 1824

• Speaker of the House Henry Clay backed Adams

• House chooses Adams as president

John Quincy Adams

Election of 1824

• Adams appoints Clay secretary of state

• Jackson supporters claim “corrupt bargain”

Henry Clay

Election of 1824

•Unpopular in south

•Weak support for goals

John Quincy Adams