US History Ch 19.1
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Transcript of US History Ch 19.1
U.S. History
Chapter 19: The Civil WarSection 1: The War Begins
Lincoln Faces a Crisis
• Seven states had seceded prior to Lincoln’s inauguration
“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict, without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have ht most solemn on to ‘preserve, protect and defend’ it.”
—Abraham Lincoln
First Inaugural Address
Lincoln Faces a Crisis
• Ft. Sumter—on of the most important federal outposts in the South
Lincoln Faces a Crisis
• Ft. Sumter controlled entrance to Charleston Harbor
Lincoln Faces a Crisis
•March 1861: fort running low on supplies
•Lincoln orders resupply of fort
•South Carolina orders surrender
Lincoln Faces a Crisis
•Robert Anderson: Union commander who refused to leave Fort Sumter
Robert Anderson
Lincoln Faces a Crisis
•Pierre Beauregard: Confederate commander at Fort Sumter
Pierre Beauregard
Lincoln Faces a Crisis
• April 12, 1861: Confederates open fire on Ft. Sumter
Lincoln Faces a Crisis
• Anderson surrenders after 34 hour bombardment
Choosing Sides
• North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, & Arkansas secede
Choosing Sides
• Border States—four slave states of strategic importance to both the North & South
• Supported the Union
The Volunteer Spirit
• Union army had only 16,000 troops
• Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers
• Families divided
The Volunteer Spirit
•Mary Todd Lincoln: had four brothers fight for the Confederacy
Mary Todd Lincoln
The Volunteer Spirit
•Elizabeth Blackwell: first woman to receive a license to practice medicine
Elizabeth Blackwell
The North vs. the South
•Union advantages
–Larger population
–More factories & shipyards
–Railways
–Better able to raise money
The North vs. the South
•Confederate advantages:
–Military tradition
–Defensive war
The North vs. the South
•Union strategy:
–Naval blockade
–Control Mississippi
Winfield Scott
The North vs. the South
•Southern strategy
–Defend territory and “wear down” Union
–Attack Washington, D.C.
–Cotton diplomacy
The North vs. the South
•Cotton diplomacy—used by the south to try and gain foreign support
North South
Slave states that joined
Advantages
Disadvantages
Strategies