Trace Gases and Aerosol Optical Trace Gases and Aerosol Optical Properties Over the US Properties Over the US

Mid-Atlantic During Mid-Atlantic During Summer 2001Summer 2001

Bruce Doddridge1,2 and Charles Piety1

1 Department of Meteorology2 Chemical Physics Program

University of Maryland at College Park

AGU Fall Meeting 2001

RAMMPP Operational ComponentsRAMMPP Operational Components((RRegional egional AAtmospheric tmospheric MMeasurement easurement MModeling and odeling and PPrediction rediction PProgram)rogram)

• Ozone Forecasting Piety/Ryanhttp://www.meto.umd.edu/~forecaster/ozone_fcst.html

• Measurements Doddridge/Marufuhttp://www.meto.umd.edu/~bruce/rammpp01.html

• Remote Sensing Dickerson/Hudson

• Modeling– Meteorological MM5 Zhang

http://www.meto.umd.edu/MM5/newrealtime.html

– Chemical transport Models-3/CMAQ Stehr

• Emissions Ehrman/Calabrese– SMOKE (with UMd/ENCH update)

RAMMPP Aircraft Flights 1992-2001RAMMPP Aircraft Flights 1992-2001Year Project Region Days Hours

1992 MDE-ARMA Baltimore-Washington Area 4 15.2

1993 MDE-ARMA Baltimore-Washington Area 8 30.3

1994 NASA/STS-59, 68 Maryland Eastern Shore 4 13.0

1995 MDE-ARMANASA/CAMEX-II

Baltimore-Washington Area

Off Maryland Atlantic Coast

5

2

19.5

7.2

1996 NARSTO-Northeast Mid-Atlantic 13 95.0

1997 NARSTO-Northeast Mid-Atlantic 12 105.0

1998 MDE-ARMA

NARSTO/NE-OPS

Mid-Atlantic

Philadelphia, PA Area

6

6

27.3

26.0

1999 MDE-ARMA NARSTO/NE-OPS

EPRI/MARCH-Atlantic

Mid-Atlantic

Philadelphia, PA Area

Maryland

4

11

2

7.3

51.5

5.4

2000 MDE-ARMANCDAQ

EPRI/MARCH-Atlantic

Mid-AtlanticNorth Carolina-Virginia

Maryland

6

3

5

33.9

14.1

15.8

2001 MDE-ARMA

NARSTO/NE-OPS

NCDAQ

VADEQ

DOE-NETL/ESP01

Mid-Atlantic

Philadelphia, PA Area

Raleigh, NC & Charlotte, NC Areas

Richmond, VA Area

Pittsburgh, PA Area

11

9

4

9

4

34.8

37.6

23.5

34.6

23.8

TOTAL 128 620.8

Aztec-F Research Aircraft N500ZAztec-F Research Aircraft N500Z

GPS Position (°Lat, °Long)

Meteorology (T, RH, Pr, Palt)

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Ozone (O3)

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Aerosol Optical Properties:

Absorption, Bap (565 nm)

Scattering, Bscat (450,550,700 nm)

Aircraft operated by University Research Foundation

RAMMPP 2001 Science CrewRAMMPP 2001 Science Crew

Emily Tenenbaum Bruce Doddridge

Operations BasesOperations BasesDuring 2001During 2001

Philadelphia, PA

Pittsburgh, PA

College Park, MD

Richmond, VA

Raleigh, NC

Charlotte, NC

RAMMPP 2001: Regional CoordinationRAMMPP 2001: Regional Coordination

• MDE-ARMA Balt.-Wash. corridor

• NE-OPS 2001 Philadelphia, PA

• VADEQ Richmond, VA

• NCDAQ Raleigh/Charlotte, NC

• ESP01 Pittsburgh, PA Baltimore, MD

Some Key Interests

• Importance of W transport

• Profiler evaluation

• Valley pollutant reservoir

• Increasing BG regional O3

• Model evaluation

• Trans-boundary plumes

• Cross-corridor effects

• Oxidant-PM relationship

PBL Height: A Critical Factor PBL Height: A Critical Factor in Determining Air Qualityin Determining Air Quality

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 20 40 60 80 100

Relative Humidity (%)

Pre

ss

ure

Alt

itu

de

(m

MS

L)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Relative Humidity (%)

Pre

ss

ure

Alt

itu

de

(m

MS

L)

Easton, MD RH Profiles 6/27 and 6/28

6/27 6/28

RF 20 North East, MD to Easton, MD Traverse 1919-1946 UT 6/27

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

19:18 19:21 19:24 19:27 19:30 19:32 19:35 19:38 19:41 19:44

Time (UT)

Ozo

ne

Mix

ing

Rat

io (

pp

bv)

flight level~330m

RF 22 North East, MD to Easton, MD Traverse 1930-2001 UT 6/28

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

19:30 19:32 19:35 19:38 19:41 19:44 19:47 19:50 19:53 19:55 19:58 20:01

Time (UT)

Ozo

ne

Mix

ing

Rat

io (

pp

bv)

flight level~330m

mean ~92 ppbv

mean ~97 ppbv

Similar amounts ofozone were producedon the 27th and 28th but a deeper mixing depth on the 28th diluted the plume

6/28

6/27 Plots of ozone during the 0W3 to ESN traverse A EDownwind of Baltimore

Aldino Easton

Urban Input and Downwind Urban Input and Downwind Air Quality: Wind FieldsAir Quality: Wind Fields

15Z 06/27 NOAA/ARL 15Z 06/28

B

E

B

E

Urban Corridor Input: Inventory Test?Urban Corridor Input: Inventory Test?University of Maryland C-172 Aircraft

Air Quality Across The Baltimore-Washington Urban Corridor: Summer 1993

Morales, 1998

Carbon Monoxide

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

250 300 350 400 450 500

CO Mixing Ratio (ppbv)

Ave

rag

e P

res

su

re A

ltit

ud

e (

m M

SL

)

Upwind Downwind

Ozone

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)

Ave

rag

e P

res

su

re A

ltit

ud

e (

m M

SL

)

Upwind Downwind

• Compare Several Years With EPA Emissions Inventories

NE-OPS: Lidar ComparisonNE-OPS: Lidar Comparison

• Conducted with Russell Philbrick (PSU)

Northeast Philadelphia, PA

Summer: 1998 1999 2001

• Intensive comparisons with aircraft

Water vapor

Ozone

Extinction

Lidar/Aircraft Comparison: HLidar/Aircraft Comparison: H22OO

RAMMPP 2001: PNE1 Profile 2334-0002 UT 07/09

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Relative Humidity (%)

Pres

sure

Altitu

de (m

MSL

)

Lidar coutesy: R. Philbrick, PSU

NE-OPS 2001: Phila, PA

Lidar/Aircraft Comparison: bLidar/Aircraft Comparison: bscatscat

RAMMPP 2001: PNE1 Profile 2334-0002 UT 07/09

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0.0E+00 5.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.5E-05 2.0E-05 2.5E-05 3.0E-05 3.5E-05 4.0E-05 4.5E-05 5.0E-05

Total Aerosol Scattering (m - 1 )

Pres

sure

Alti

tude

(m M

SL)

450 nm 550 nm 700 nm

Lidar courtesy: R. Philbrick, PSU

NE-OPS 2001: Phila, PA

Tropospheric Ozone From TOMS:Tropospheric Ozone From TOMS:TDOT (TOMS Direct Ozone in the Troposphere)TDOT (TOMS Direct Ozone in the Troposphere)

TDOT Validation: Jul 17, 1999TDOT Validation: Jul 17, 1999• Qualitative consistency

between the TDOT product and in situ profile data (aircraft & sonde)

• TDOT offers potential as an important new tool in mapping synoptic-scale tropospheric ozone

• The TDOT Team:RD Hudson, Univ. Maryland

AD Frolov, Univ. Maryland

AM Thompson, NASA/GSFC

estimated sfc-15.6km TDOTPhila 72 75Balt 65 61

(units are DU)

Aug 7 Plume Study: ChemistryAug 7 Plume Study: ChemistryRAMMPP 2001: Washington-Raleigh Traverse 1322-1500 UT 08/07

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

13:12:00 13:26:24 13:40:48 13:55:12 14:09:36 14:24:00 14:38:24 14:52:48 15:07:12

Time (UT)

Ru

nn

ing

1-m

in M

ean

Mix

ing

Rat

io (

pp

bv)

CO O3 * 2 SO2 * 10

1 2 3

x 10

x 2

Aug 7 Plume Study: Aerosol OpticsAug 7 Plume Study: Aerosol OpticsRAMMPP 2001: Washington-Raleigh Traverse 1322-1500 UT 08/07

0.0E+00

5.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.5E-04

2.0E-04

2.5E-04

3.0E-04

3.5E-04

13:12:00 13:26:24 13:40:48 13:55:12 14:09:36 14:24:00 14:38:24 14:52:48 15:07:12

Time (UT)

Ae

ros

ol O

pti

cal P

rop

ert

ies

(m

-1)

Bscat 450 nm Bscat 550 nm Bscat 700 nm Bap 565 nm

1 2 3

Aug 7 Plume Study: TrajectoriesAug 7 Plume Study: Trajectories

Plume 1 Plume 2 Plume 3

Fresh Moderately Aged Aged

Aug 7 Plume Study: SummaryAug 7 Plume Study: Summary

• Stratified layers are routinely observed over the Mid-Atlantic under ridging conditions

• Observed plumes show different character depending on:

– source region

– air parcel age

• Correlation between SO2 and bscat

Aug 8, 2001 Recirculation StudyAug 8, 2001 Recirculation Study

Surface O3

Key (ppbv):

> 124

111-124

100-110

80-99

Richmond, VA Locations:

Virginia Science Museum

Chesterfield Co.

Henrico Co.Map courtesy EPA/OAQPS Air Now

Aug 8: Wind Profiles and OAug 8: Wind Profiles and O33

• SFC-2000 m winds from VADEQ Doppler wind profiler in Richmond, VA (VSM)

Near SFC Aloft

1200 EDT E—NE W

1600 EDT W NE• 102 ppbv at 500-1000 m over Chesterfield Co.

(FCI, SW of RIC) in the AM• 122 ppbv at 1300-1900 m over FCI in the PM

• SFC Monitor Peak 1-hr O3:

Henrico Co. 136 ppbv (E of RIC)

A double dose of Richmond emissions?

Aug 8: VSM ProfilerAug 8: VSM ProfilerFCI Profiles: 1 2

Aug 8: Aircraft ProfilesAug 8: Aircraft ProfilesFCI Profile 1153-1216 EDT

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 50 100 150 200

Value

Pres

sure

Altitu

de (m

MSL

)

FCI Profile 1621-1642 EDT

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 50 100 150 200

Value

Pres

sure

Altitu

de (m

MSL

)

1 2

Aug 8 Profiler EvaluationAug 8 Profiler EvaluationRAMMPP 2001: FCI Profile 2021-2042 UT 08/08

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Relative Humidity (%); Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)

Pre

ssur

e A

ltitu

de (m

MS

L)

Importance of Low-Level JetsImportance of Low-Level Jets

• Routinely set up over the Mid-Atlantic plain during summer nighttime

• Chemistry poorly understood – transport mechanism for remnant O3 & O3/haze precursors?

• 2002 Study?– Networked profilers

– Aircraft flights

– With MANE-VU effort

Radar/RASS Profiler Sites 2002Radar/RASS Profiler Sites 2002Vertical wind and temperature profiles up to 3,000 meters

For more info see http://www.profiler.noaa.gov/jsp/aboutBlp.jsp

Map courtesy MANE-VU

RAMMPP Project SummaryRAMMPP Project Summary

• 10 years of aircraft data

• Developing a chemical climatology of

ozone haze

and selected precursors

over the mid-Atlantic region

• Data summaries for 1992-2001 on line:

http://www.meto.umd.edu/~bruce/rammpp01.html

• Collaborative opportunities welcomed

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Current UMd Flight Crew:Lackson Marufu Emily Tenenbaum (at Pomona Coll.) Jeff Stehr Tressa Pearson-Franks (at GWU)

UMd/PSU Meteorological Support:Bill Ryan (Penn. St. Univ.) Dalin Zhang

Recent Funding from:Maryland Department of Environment-ARMAUS-EPA through NARSTO/NE-OPSNC Division of Air QualityVA Department of Environmental Quality

US-DOE/National Energy Technology Laboratory