Trace Gases and Aerosol Optical Properties Over the US Mid-Atlantic During Summer 2001 Bruce...
-
Upload
camron-clarke -
Category
Documents
-
view
233 -
download
0
Transcript of Trace Gases and Aerosol Optical Properties Over the US Mid-Atlantic During Summer 2001 Bruce...
Trace Gases and Aerosol Optical Trace Gases and Aerosol Optical Properties Over the US Properties Over the US
Mid-Atlantic During Mid-Atlantic During Summer 2001Summer 2001
Bruce Doddridge1,2 and Charles Piety1
1 Department of Meteorology2 Chemical Physics Program
University of Maryland at College Park
AGU Fall Meeting 2001
RAMMPP Operational ComponentsRAMMPP Operational Components((RRegional egional AAtmospheric tmospheric MMeasurement easurement MModeling and odeling and PPrediction rediction PProgram)rogram)
• Ozone Forecasting Piety/Ryanhttp://www.meto.umd.edu/~forecaster/ozone_fcst.html
• Measurements Doddridge/Marufuhttp://www.meto.umd.edu/~bruce/rammpp01.html
• Remote Sensing Dickerson/Hudson
• Modeling– Meteorological MM5 Zhang
http://www.meto.umd.edu/MM5/newrealtime.html
– Chemical transport Models-3/CMAQ Stehr
• Emissions Ehrman/Calabrese– SMOKE (with UMd/ENCH update)
RAMMPP Aircraft Flights 1992-2001RAMMPP Aircraft Flights 1992-2001Year Project Region Days Hours
1992 MDE-ARMA Baltimore-Washington Area 4 15.2
1993 MDE-ARMA Baltimore-Washington Area 8 30.3
1994 NASA/STS-59, 68 Maryland Eastern Shore 4 13.0
1995 MDE-ARMANASA/CAMEX-II
Baltimore-Washington Area
Off Maryland Atlantic Coast
5
2
19.5
7.2
1996 NARSTO-Northeast Mid-Atlantic 13 95.0
1997 NARSTO-Northeast Mid-Atlantic 12 105.0
1998 MDE-ARMA
NARSTO/NE-OPS
Mid-Atlantic
Philadelphia, PA Area
6
6
27.3
26.0
1999 MDE-ARMA NARSTO/NE-OPS
EPRI/MARCH-Atlantic
Mid-Atlantic
Philadelphia, PA Area
Maryland
4
11
2
7.3
51.5
5.4
2000 MDE-ARMANCDAQ
EPRI/MARCH-Atlantic
Mid-AtlanticNorth Carolina-Virginia
Maryland
6
3
5
33.9
14.1
15.8
2001 MDE-ARMA
NARSTO/NE-OPS
NCDAQ
VADEQ
DOE-NETL/ESP01
Mid-Atlantic
Philadelphia, PA Area
Raleigh, NC & Charlotte, NC Areas
Richmond, VA Area
Pittsburgh, PA Area
11
9
4
9
4
34.8
37.6
23.5
34.6
23.8
TOTAL 128 620.8
Aztec-F Research Aircraft N500ZAztec-F Research Aircraft N500Z
GPS Position (°Lat, °Long)
Meteorology (T, RH, Pr, Palt)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Ozone (O3)
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Aerosol Optical Properties:
Absorption, Bap (565 nm)
Scattering, Bscat (450,550,700 nm)
Aircraft operated by University Research Foundation
RAMMPP 2001 Science CrewRAMMPP 2001 Science Crew
Emily Tenenbaum Bruce Doddridge
Operations BasesOperations BasesDuring 2001During 2001
Philadelphia, PA
Pittsburgh, PA
College Park, MD
Richmond, VA
Raleigh, NC
Charlotte, NC
RAMMPP 2001: Regional CoordinationRAMMPP 2001: Regional Coordination
• MDE-ARMA Balt.-Wash. corridor
• NE-OPS 2001 Philadelphia, PA
• VADEQ Richmond, VA
• NCDAQ Raleigh/Charlotte, NC
• ESP01 Pittsburgh, PA Baltimore, MD
Some Key Interests
• Importance of W transport
• Profiler evaluation
• Valley pollutant reservoir
• Increasing BG regional O3
• Model evaluation
• Trans-boundary plumes
• Cross-corridor effects
• Oxidant-PM relationship
PBL Height: A Critical Factor PBL Height: A Critical Factor in Determining Air Qualityin Determining Air Quality
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 20 40 60 80 100
Relative Humidity (%)
Pre
ss
ure
Alt
itu
de
(m
MS
L)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Relative Humidity (%)
Pre
ss
ure
Alt
itu
de
(m
MS
L)
Easton, MD RH Profiles 6/27 and 6/28
6/27 6/28
RF 20 North East, MD to Easton, MD Traverse 1919-1946 UT 6/27
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
19:18 19:21 19:24 19:27 19:30 19:32 19:35 19:38 19:41 19:44
Time (UT)
Ozo
ne
Mix
ing
Rat
io (
pp
bv)
flight level~330m
RF 22 North East, MD to Easton, MD Traverse 1930-2001 UT 6/28
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
19:30 19:32 19:35 19:38 19:41 19:44 19:47 19:50 19:53 19:55 19:58 20:01
Time (UT)
Ozo
ne
Mix
ing
Rat
io (
pp
bv)
flight level~330m
mean ~92 ppbv
mean ~97 ppbv
Similar amounts ofozone were producedon the 27th and 28th but a deeper mixing depth on the 28th diluted the plume
6/28
6/27 Plots of ozone during the 0W3 to ESN traverse A EDownwind of Baltimore
Aldino Easton
Urban Input and Downwind Urban Input and Downwind Air Quality: Wind FieldsAir Quality: Wind Fields
15Z 06/27 NOAA/ARL 15Z 06/28
B
E
B
E
Urban Corridor Input: Inventory Test?Urban Corridor Input: Inventory Test?University of Maryland C-172 Aircraft
Air Quality Across The Baltimore-Washington Urban Corridor: Summer 1993
Morales, 1998
Carbon Monoxide
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
250 300 350 400 450 500
CO Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
Ave
rag
e P
res
su
re A
ltit
ud
e (
m M
SL
)
Upwind Downwind
Ozone
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
Ave
rag
e P
res
su
re A
ltit
ud
e (
m M
SL
)
Upwind Downwind
• Compare Several Years With EPA Emissions Inventories
NE-OPS: Lidar ComparisonNE-OPS: Lidar Comparison
• Conducted with Russell Philbrick (PSU)
Northeast Philadelphia, PA
Summer: 1998 1999 2001
• Intensive comparisons with aircraft
Water vapor
Ozone
Extinction
Lidar/Aircraft Comparison: HLidar/Aircraft Comparison: H22OO
RAMMPP 2001: PNE1 Profile 2334-0002 UT 07/09
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (%)
Pres
sure
Altitu
de (m
MSL
)
Lidar coutesy: R. Philbrick, PSU
NE-OPS 2001: Phila, PA
Lidar/Aircraft Comparison: bLidar/Aircraft Comparison: bscatscat
RAMMPP 2001: PNE1 Profile 2334-0002 UT 07/09
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0.0E+00 5.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.5E-05 2.0E-05 2.5E-05 3.0E-05 3.5E-05 4.0E-05 4.5E-05 5.0E-05
Total Aerosol Scattering (m - 1 )
Pres
sure
Alti
tude
(m M
SL)
450 nm 550 nm 700 nm
Lidar courtesy: R. Philbrick, PSU
NE-OPS 2001: Phila, PA
Tropospheric Ozone From TOMS:Tropospheric Ozone From TOMS:TDOT (TOMS Direct Ozone in the Troposphere)TDOT (TOMS Direct Ozone in the Troposphere)
TDOT Validation: Jul 17, 1999TDOT Validation: Jul 17, 1999• Qualitative consistency
between the TDOT product and in situ profile data (aircraft & sonde)
• TDOT offers potential as an important new tool in mapping synoptic-scale tropospheric ozone
• The TDOT Team:RD Hudson, Univ. Maryland
AD Frolov, Univ. Maryland
AM Thompson, NASA/GSFC
estimated sfc-15.6km TDOTPhila 72 75Balt 65 61
(units are DU)
Aug 7 Plume Study: ChemistryAug 7 Plume Study: ChemistryRAMMPP 2001: Washington-Raleigh Traverse 1322-1500 UT 08/07
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
13:12:00 13:26:24 13:40:48 13:55:12 14:09:36 14:24:00 14:38:24 14:52:48 15:07:12
Time (UT)
Ru
nn
ing
1-m
in M
ean
Mix
ing
Rat
io (
pp
bv)
CO O3 * 2 SO2 * 10
1 2 3
x 10
x 2
Aug 7 Plume Study: Aerosol OpticsAug 7 Plume Study: Aerosol OpticsRAMMPP 2001: Washington-Raleigh Traverse 1322-1500 UT 08/07
0.0E+00
5.0E-05
1.0E-04
1.5E-04
2.0E-04
2.5E-04
3.0E-04
3.5E-04
13:12:00 13:26:24 13:40:48 13:55:12 14:09:36 14:24:00 14:38:24 14:52:48 15:07:12
Time (UT)
Ae
ros
ol O
pti
cal P
rop
ert
ies
(m
-1)
Bscat 450 nm Bscat 550 nm Bscat 700 nm Bap 565 nm
1 2 3
Aug 7 Plume Study: TrajectoriesAug 7 Plume Study: Trajectories
Plume 1 Plume 2 Plume 3
Fresh Moderately Aged Aged
Aug 7 Plume Study: SummaryAug 7 Plume Study: Summary
• Stratified layers are routinely observed over the Mid-Atlantic under ridging conditions
• Observed plumes show different character depending on:
– source region
– air parcel age
• Correlation between SO2 and bscat
Aug 8, 2001 Recirculation StudyAug 8, 2001 Recirculation Study
Surface O3
Key (ppbv):
> 124
111-124
100-110
80-99
Richmond, VA Locations:
Virginia Science Museum
Chesterfield Co.
Henrico Co.Map courtesy EPA/OAQPS Air Now
Aug 8: Wind Profiles and OAug 8: Wind Profiles and O33
• SFC-2000 m winds from VADEQ Doppler wind profiler in Richmond, VA (VSM)
Near SFC Aloft
1200 EDT E—NE W
1600 EDT W NE• 102 ppbv at 500-1000 m over Chesterfield Co.
(FCI, SW of RIC) in the AM• 122 ppbv at 1300-1900 m over FCI in the PM
• SFC Monitor Peak 1-hr O3:
Henrico Co. 136 ppbv (E of RIC)
A double dose of Richmond emissions?
Aug 8: VSM ProfilerAug 8: VSM ProfilerFCI Profiles: 1 2
Aug 8: Aircraft ProfilesAug 8: Aircraft ProfilesFCI Profile 1153-1216 EDT
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 50 100 150 200
Value
Pres
sure
Altitu
de (m
MSL
)
FCI Profile 1621-1642 EDT
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 50 100 150 200
Value
Pres
sure
Altitu
de (m
MSL
)
1 2
Aug 8 Profiler EvaluationAug 8 Profiler EvaluationRAMMPP 2001: FCI Profile 2021-2042 UT 08/08
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Relative Humidity (%); Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
Pre
ssur
e A
ltitu
de (m
MS
L)
Importance of Low-Level JetsImportance of Low-Level Jets
• Routinely set up over the Mid-Atlantic plain during summer nighttime
• Chemistry poorly understood – transport mechanism for remnant O3 & O3/haze precursors?
• 2002 Study?– Networked profilers
– Aircraft flights
– With MANE-VU effort
Radar/RASS Profiler Sites 2002Radar/RASS Profiler Sites 2002Vertical wind and temperature profiles up to 3,000 meters
For more info see http://www.profiler.noaa.gov/jsp/aboutBlp.jsp
Map courtesy MANE-VU
RAMMPP Project SummaryRAMMPP Project Summary
• 10 years of aircraft data
• Developing a chemical climatology of
ozone haze
and selected precursors
over the mid-Atlantic region
• Data summaries for 1992-2001 on line:
http://www.meto.umd.edu/~bruce/rammpp01.html
• Collaborative opportunities welcomed
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Current UMd Flight Crew:Lackson Marufu Emily Tenenbaum (at Pomona Coll.) Jeff Stehr Tressa Pearson-Franks (at GWU)
UMd/PSU Meteorological Support:Bill Ryan (Penn. St. Univ.) Dalin Zhang
Recent Funding from:Maryland Department of Environment-ARMAUS-EPA through NARSTO/NE-OPSNC Division of Air QualityVA Department of Environmental Quality
US-DOE/National Energy Technology Laboratory