The Middle Ages

The Middle Ages

Early: 500 – 1000

High: 1000 – 1250

Late: 1250 - 1500

Middle Ages Question

What happens when a great society collapses?

How, or why, do times change?

The Middle Ages: 500 – 1500

The Medieval Period

Rise of the Middle Ages

Decline of the Roman Empire

http://www.history.com/topics/charlemagne/videos#the-fall-of-rome

Europe Today

6th Century Europe

The Early Middle Ages

Once the fall of the Roman Empire in

476, Europe divided into many

kingdoms:

Germanic Kingdoms:

The Franks – Pope crowned

Charlemagne

Goths

Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire

Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec.

25, 800

Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec.

25, 800

Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Power of the Medieval Church

Controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.

Monks and monasteries

Tues Wed Thurs

1 3 1 *2 4 *2 5 *6 5 8 7 7

8

Feudalism

Think of a chess set

Feudalism A political, economic, and social system

based on loyalty and military service.

King / Lord

Vassal

Knight

Peasant / Serf

FeudalismManors – Self Sufficient Economies

Feudalism

Based on mutual obligation

Military protection

Provide knights in times of war

service

Fiefs – land grants

Fiefs – land grants

protection

Shogun

Daimyo Daimyo

Samurai Samurai Samurai

Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant

Land - Shoen

Land - Shoen

Protection

Loyalty

Loyalty

Food

Feudalism in Japan

The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! Japanese

Feudal

Society

The Age of Chivalry

The Age of Chivalry

Chivalry – a complex set of ideals, demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of three masters

1. His feudal lord

2. His Heavenly Lord

3. His Lady

Japan’s Code of Bushido

Justice – Gi Courage - Yu Benevolence - Jin Politeness - Rel Veracity - Makoto Honor - Melyo Loyalty - Chugo

Art of Seppuku

Pillaging and Plundering

European knightEuropean knight Samurai WarriorSamurai Warrior

vs.vs.

Medieval Warriors

Knight’s ArmorKnight’s Armor Samurai ArmorSamurai Armor

vs.vs.

Medieval Warriors

Early Mounted Samurai WarriorsEarly Mounted

Samurai Warriors

Samurai ChargingSamurai Charging

Castles and Keeps

Home to lord and lady, their family, knights, soldiers, and servants

Medieval CastleMedieval Castle

Castles and Keeps

C

A

S

T

L

E

S

C

A

S

T

L

E

S

Osaka CastleOsaka Castle

Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

Video Clip

http://www.history.com/topics/charlemagne/videos#weapons-of-the-middle-ages

Charlemagne Legacy

Charlemagne died

Grandsons had to divide up the empire

into 3 smaller empires

But they were weak and were destroyed

Charlemagne’s governing style helped

create new kingdoms

Law Abiding & Strong Gov’ts

Rule of Law

Has the Middle Ages influenced America’s way of life?

starter activity

Which of the qualities do you think were most important

for a medieval

king?

Rich, but not greedy

Healthy & strong

Inspiring

Hard working

Brave

Wise

Firm but fair

Good soldier

Good judge of character

God-fearing

King John

A new English King

Cruel & Untrustworthy

Raised taxes

Overrode traditional laws

The Consequences John Faced

Barons listed their grievances

List became known as Magna Carta

The king must obey some laws!

Magna Carta

The king must not interfere with the Church When a baron inherits land he should pay the

king no more than £100 The king cannot collect new taxes unless the

barons and bishops agree No freeman can be put in prison without trial by

a jury Justice will be without delays or bribes Traders must be able to travel freely without

having to pay tolls The King’s men must not take anyone’s goods

without paying for them.

Magna Carta

Some main tenants:

Rule of Law

Fairness of Law

Due Process

Habeas Corpus

Rule of law

Powers and privileges of the king are clearly defined and limited

Fairness of the Laws

"Reasonable" rules and regulations

Equal justice under the law

Recognition of customs, traditions, and established rights

Punishment in proportion to the crime

Due Process

Established procedures

No trial without evidence/testimony to

support accusations

Trials held in a timely manner

Trials open to the public

Trial by a jury of one's peers

Habeas Corpus

No one can be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime

EAST MEETS WESTEAST MEETS WEST

The CrusadesThe Crusades

How did the Crusades change life in Europe and beyond?

The Crusades

Muslim Conquest

In the seventh century, Muslims conquered Palestine.

Initially, the Muslim conquerors allowed Jews and Christians to freely enter the Holy Land.

As time passed, some Muslim rulers were less tolerant. However, they began killing Christians

Pope Urban II

In 1095, Pope Urban II, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, called for a crusade, or war, against the Muslims.

Ultimately, the Christians fought many crusades against the Muslims.

However, Christians never permanently regained control of the Holy Land.

E. Napp

For almost 200 years – from 1096 to 1291-European crusaders went to the Holy Land.

Many EuropeansJoined the

Crusades. Somejoined for the

promise of Heaven.Others joined

hoping for wealth.

Crusaders

Crusaders were European Christians who heeded the Pope’s call to regain the Holy Land.

Crusaders joined for many reasons.

Some joined for the promise of Heaven, others for wealth, and still others for adventure.

Crusadersoften wore

a crosson their

breastplate.

The Effects of the Crusades

Historians frequently call the Crusades “a successful failure.”

While Europeans never regained permanent control of the Holy Land and many people were killed, cultural diffusion increased.

Europeans began to trade with the Middle East. The Crusades showed Europeans that millions of

people existed in the world. Opened up trade b/t Europe and the World

E. Napp

Europeans learned about Arab art,architecture, medicine, and mathematics.

The Early Middle Ages

Muslims conquered Spain in 711.

Threatened to spread Islam throughout

Europe

They were defeated in 732

Christianity remained Europe’s most

popular religion

Vikings Attack

Vikings – Germanic people called Norsemen

• From Scandinavia

• Worshipped warlike gods

• Pillage and Plunder

• Warriors, traders, farmers, and explorers

Your Task On page 214 & 216 complete the

“note taking charts” After each heading write an essential

question about the topic

Document Based Assessment - pg. 241

Answer questions 1-3 about

Charlemagne

For each question explain your

reasoning

Today’s Question

How did feudalism emerge and shape medieval life?

While answering, emphasize what you think are the positives and negatives of feudalism?

219-224

Chapter 15-1The Early Middle Ages

Otto I was a powerful German king

Fought the Magyars

Protected the pope

Pope made him emperor of the Romans

Otto’s territory became known as the Holy Roman Empire

Chapter 15-1

The Early Middle Ages

Scandinavia is a country in northern Europe Home of the Viking

people Vikings were skilled

sailors They raided Europe

between 800 and 900 A.D and conquered parts of western France called Normandy

The Rise of the Catholic Church

St Patrick traveled to Ireland and spread Christianity He established

monasteries Monks taught

and preserved Roman learning

The Rise of the Catholic Church

Gregory the Great: pope 590-604 Asked monks to become

missionaries They converted Ethelbert

(ruler of Kent in Britain) Irish monks converted

people in northern Europe Monks and monasteries

played big part in education, health care, and preservation of knowledge

Played an important role in Europe’s politics

The Rise of the Catholic Church

1073 Gregory VII was elected pope He issued a decree forbidding

kings from anointing high ranking church officials

Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor at the time) refused to obey

Henry declared that Gregory was no longer the pope

Gregory excommunicated Henry

So, when the German nobles chose a new emperor, Gregory accepted him

Henry declared war against Gregory

The Rise of the Catholic Church

By 1122, we had a new emperor and a new pope They came to an agreement and

called it the Concordat of Worms Agreed that only the pope could choose

the bishops, and only the emperor could give them government jobs

The Rise of the Catholic Church

Catholic Church became really powerful under Pope Innocent III He controlled kings by threatening to

withhold Christian rituals (like communion) from a king of a country’s people