Post on 18-Dec-2015
The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
Romulus and Remus• Mother was Rhea Silvia-Vestal
Virgin• Raped by Mars• Uncle ordered babies to be drowned• “Suckled by wolf’• Raised by Faustulus• Romulus killed Remus-and founded
Rome in 753 BC
Romulus and Remus
• A nice myth!!!
• Virgil even said that Romulus was a descendent of Aeneas, a survivor of the Trojan War!
• Now tell us the real story!
• Ok, if you insist!
Real story!!!
• Rome founded by Latins living near the Tiber River
• Good place for defense! They lived in mud huts and were shepherds
• Not as much fun, but it’s probably the truth.
Trusty Etruscan rule 800-508 B.C.
• Probably from Lydia
• Take control of Rome by 600 B.C.
• They get no respect!
• Yet much of Roman culture comes from Etruscans
Real story cont.
• Rome became a strong city state dominated by Etruscans (around 600 B.C.)
• Rich Romans called Patricians (12 families) given local control
• Rome hated the Etruscans
Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans
Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans
What do they do for Rome?!?!
• Founded many cities in Northern Italy• Used stone walls and arches• Loved to wage war!!!• Introduced blood sports• Chariot racing (racing is a blood sport)• Art (great bronze work, lousy pots)• Eastern religion
How to get rid of them!
• Romans Recruit their neighbors and rebel against the Etruscans
• In 509BCE, Romans expelled the last Etruscan king
• Tarquin the Proud
The Republic
• Romans hated the idea of a king, established a government of the patricians
• Lower classes had almost no power (plebeians)
• Changes somewhat over time (government chart)
• Class struggle between rich and poor a constant in Rome
• Slaves had no power
Republican Republican GovernmentGovernmentRepublican Republican GovernmentGovernment
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE
The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE
§ Providing political and socialrights for the plebeians.
Roman Army
• Legion 5,000 to 6,000 men– Two Legions made an army
• Until 390 B.C. only patricians served in the army
• Plebians served as Legionnaires
The Centurion
• Was a rank of an officer who controlled 100-200 men
• Became a strong political force in late Republic
Tactics
• Dropped phalanx for “maniple”
• Each maniple made of two centuries
• Caused problems for phalanx
Weapons
• Javelin/plate armor/heavy pack
• Short Swords
• Wing archers/slingers
• Catapults
• Earth ramps, wheeled towers
Military Life
• Like Sparta, Romans started early (age 10)
• Key to Roman Army was discipline– Cowardice: flogging to death– Thievary: Right hand cut off– Deviation from orders...
• Beheading
Camp Life (No Boy Scout camp)
• Simple food: Bread, porridge, vegetables, sour wine
• Caesor’s troops rioted when they had to eat meat
• No pay until 390 B.C.
• Most money came from “Booty”
Roman Roads: Roman Roads: The The Appian WayAppian WayRoman Roads: Roman Roads:
The The Appian WayAppian Way
Reform LeadersReform LeadersReform LeadersReform Leaders§ Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
• the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
• Both killed/suicide
Military ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary Reformer§ Gaius Marius
• recruited an army from the poor and homeless.
• professional standing army.
Civil War & DictatorsCivil War & Dictators§Gaius Sulla
•Marched on Rome 2X.
•Reestablished the Old Ways of the Republic.
•Abolished the power of the Tribunes
•Defeated Marius with help from Pompey and Crassus.
•Spared Julius Caesar
The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
§ Julius Caesar
§ Marcus Licinius Crassus
§ Gaius Magnus Pompey
PompeyPompeyPompeyPompey
Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators
Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators
Julius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius Caesar
Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC
Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC
The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!
Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE
Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE
The Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirateThe Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirate
§ Octavian Augustus
§ Marc Antony
§ Marcus Lepidus
Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First
EmperorEmperor
Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First
EmperorEmperor
Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire
– 14 CE– 14 CE
The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire
– 14 CE– 14 CE
St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the
GentilesGentiles
St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the
GentilesGentiles
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem
Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem
Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294
CECE
Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294
CECE
Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)
Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c
Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c
Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of
God”God”
Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of
God”God”
Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman
EmpireEmpire
Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman
EmpireEmpire
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of
JustinianJustinian
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of
JustinianJustinian
The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian
The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian
The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome
The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome§ Republic GovernmentRepublic Government
§ Roman LawRoman Law§ Latin LanguageLatin Language§ Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church§ City PlanningCity Planning§ Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural
StyleStyle§ Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering
• AqueductsAqueducts• Sewage systemsSewage systems• RoadsRoads• ConcreteConcrete• ArchArch