The Geography of The Geography of RomeRome

The Geography of The Geography of RomeRome

Italy in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCE

The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:

Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus

The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:

Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus

Romulus and Remus• Mother was Rhea Silvia-Vestal

Virgin• Raped by Mars• Uncle ordered babies to be drowned• “Suckled by wolf’• Raised by Faustulus• Romulus killed Remus-and founded

Rome in 753 BC

Romulus and Remus

• A nice myth!!!

• Virgil even said that Romulus was a descendent of Aeneas, a survivor of the Trojan War!

• Now tell us the real story!

• Ok, if you insist!

Real story!!!

• Rome founded by Latins living near the Tiber River

• Good place for defense! They lived in mud huts and were shepherds

• Not as much fun, but it’s probably the truth.

Trusty Etruscan rule 800-508 B.C.

• Probably from Lydia

• Take control of Rome by 600 B.C.

• They get no respect!

• Yet much of Roman culture comes from Etruscans

Real story cont.

• Rome became a strong city state dominated by Etruscans (around 600 B.C.)

• Rich Romans called Patricians (12 families) given local control

• Rome hated the Etruscans

Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans

Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans

What do they do for Rome?!?!

• Founded many cities in Northern Italy• Used stone walls and arches• Loved to wage war!!!• Introduced blood sports• Chariot racing (racing is a blood sport)• Art (great bronze work, lousy pots)• Eastern religion

How to get rid of them!

• Romans Recruit their neighbors and rebel against the Etruscans

• In 509BCE, Romans expelled the last Etruscan king

• Tarquin the Proud

The Republic

• Romans hated the idea of a king, established a government of the patricians

• Lower classes had almost no power (plebeians)

• Changes somewhat over time (government chart)

• Class struggle between rich and poor a constant in Rome

• Slaves had no power

Republican Republican GovernmentGovernmentRepublican Republican GovernmentGovernment

2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)

Senate (Representative body for patricians)

Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE

The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE

§ Providing political and socialrights for the plebeians.

Roman Army

• Legion 5,000 to 6,000 men– Two Legions made an army

• Until 390 B.C. only patricians served in the army

• Plebians served as Legionnaires

The Centurion

• Was a rank of an officer who controlled 100-200 men

• Became a strong political force in late Republic

Tactics

• Dropped phalanx for “maniple”

• Each maniple made of two centuries

• Caused problems for phalanx

Roman Army Cont.

Weapons

• Javelin/plate armor/heavy pack

• Short Swords

• Wing archers/slingers

• Catapults

• Earth ramps, wheeled towers

Roman Army Cont

Military Life

• Like Sparta, Romans started early (age 10)

• Key to Roman Army was discipline– Cowardice: flogging to death– Thievary: Right hand cut off– Deviation from orders...

• Beheading

Camp Life (No Boy Scout camp)

• Simple food: Bread, porridge, vegetables, sour wine

• Caesor’s troops rioted when they had to eat meat

• No pay until 390 B.C.

• Most money came from “Booty”

Glory in Victory

• Roman triumphs

Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem

Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem

Roman Roads: Roman Roads: The The Appian WayAppian WayRoman Roads: Roman Roads:

The The Appian WayAppian Way

Still in use todayStill in use today

Carthaginian Carthaginian EmpireEmpire

Carthaginian Carthaginian EmpireEmpire

Hannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s Route

First Punic WarFirst Punic War

Second Punic WarSecond Punic War

Third Punic WarThird Punic War

Reform LeadersReform LeadersReform LeadersReform Leaders§ Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

• the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.

• Both killed/suicide

Military ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary Reformer§ Gaius Marius

• recruited an army from the poor and homeless.

• professional standing army.

Civil War & DictatorsCivil War & Dictators§Gaius Sulla

•Marched on Rome 2X.

•Reestablished the Old Ways of the Republic.

•Abolished the power of the Tribunes

•Defeated Marius with help from Pompey and Crassus.

•Spared Julius Caesar

The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate

The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate

§ Julius Caesar

§ Marcus Licinius Crassus

§ Gaius Magnus Pompey

PompeyPompeyPompeyPompey

Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators

Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators

Julius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius Caesar

Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC

Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC

The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!

Hey Big Boy, Hey Big Boy, Welcome to EgyptWelcome to Egypt

Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE

Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE

The Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirateThe Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirate

§ Octavian Augustus

§ Marc Antony

§ Marcus Lepidus

Hey Big Boy, Hey Big Boy, Welcome to EgyptWelcome to Egypt

Hey Big Boy, Hey Big Boy, Welcome to EgyptWelcome to Egypt

Roman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts

The Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseumThe Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseum

The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior

The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior

Circus MaximusCircus MaximusCircus MaximusCircus Maximus

Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First

EmperorEmperor

Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First

EmperorEmperor

The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty

The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty

Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE

Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE

The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire

– 14 CE– 14 CE

The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire

– 14 CE– 14 CE

The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity

St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the

GentilesGentiles

St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the

GentilesGentiles

The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity

The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity

Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem

Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem

The Empire in Crisis: The Empire in Crisis: 3c3c

The Empire in Crisis: The Empire in Crisis: 3c3c

Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294

CECE

Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294

CECE

Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337

Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337

Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)

Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c

Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c

Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of

God”God”

Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of

God”God”

Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman

EmpireEmpire

Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman

EmpireEmpire

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of

JustinianJustinian

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of

JustinianJustinian

The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian

The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian

The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome

The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome§ Republic GovernmentRepublic Government

§ Roman LawRoman Law§ Latin LanguageLatin Language§ Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church§ City PlanningCity Planning§ Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural

StyleStyle§ Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering

• AqueductsAqueducts• Sewage systemsSewage systems• RoadsRoads• ConcreteConcrete• ArchArch