THE ENLIGHTENMENTAND

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

1700-1800

WOMEN CHALLENGETHE PHILOSOPHES

The Enlightenment slogan “free and equal” did not apply to women

Can people choose leaders for themselves?

“All people are created equal” New (and potentially dangerous)

concept – Dangerous to who?

A VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN

Called for equal education for boys and girlsArgued that only education could give women the tools they needed to participate equally with men in public life

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT

DENIS DIDEROT

28-volume work published between 1751 and 1772Although banned in many places and censored in others, proved to be a major factor in future revolutionsBecame a forum for Enlightenment thinkers such as Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Voltaire

ENCYCLOPEDIA

DENIS DIDEROT“No man has received from

nature the right to give orders

to others. Freedom is a gift

from heaven, and every

individual of the same species

has the right to enjoy it as

soon as he is in enjoyment of

his reason.”

WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT?

(USE AN ACRONYM)

FUELED DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTIONS AROUND WORLD (AMERICAN, FRENCH)F

.Bastille: The French Revolution

begins July 14, 1789

Signing of the Declaration of Independence

July 4, 1776

F.A.S.T.

APPLIED REASON TO THE HUMAN WORLD (GOVERNMENT, LAW)A

.

F.A.S.T.

WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT?

Checks and Balances

STIMULATED RELIGIOUS TOLERANCES.

F.A.S.T.

WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT?

THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR WAS CAUSED BY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS IN THE GERMAN STATES, ESCALATING INTO LARGER CONFLICTS

T.F.A.S.T

.

WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT?

TAUGHT THAT OUR RIGHTS COME FROM NATURAL LAW NOT THE GOVERNMENT

NATURAL RIGHTS

How did ideas of the enlightenment lead to the

independence and founding of the United

States of America?

THE BIG QUESTION

THE ENLIGHTENMENT(5-3) III. Birth of the American Republic

A) Britain becomes a global power

B) The 13 Colonies in the mid-1700s

C) Colonists express discontent

D) The American Revolution continues

E) A new constitution

Because of where England was located, they are in a position to control trade. In the past 100-200 years, English merchants sent ships across the world’s oceans and planted outposts in the West Indies, North America, and India. From these tiny settlements, England built a global empire.

Britain Becomes a Global Power

Favorable business and commerce climate

Compared to other countries, few restrictions on trade

In the 1700s, Britain had a winning streak in both war and trade

In addition, England’s territory expanded closer to home!

England and Wales united with Scotland in 1707 to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain

Free trade with Scotland created a larger market for farmers and manufacturers

Ireland had come under English control during the 1600s, formally united with Great Britain in 1801

Changing of the Guard in England

George was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain. Born in1683, he was brought up in Northern Germany. George exercised little control over British domestic policy, which was largely controlled by Great Britain's parliament.

His life and reign were longer than those of any previous British monarch. They were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of the rest of Europe, and places in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War, becoming the dominant European power in North America and India. He wanted it all!

King George II (1683-1760)

King George III

(1738-1820)

Once King George III had the reigns…Began his 60-year reign in 1760100% EnglishWanted to recover the powers

the crown had lostSet out to reassert royal powerWanted to end Whig dominationChoose his own ministers,

dissolving the cabinet system, and ordered Parliament to follow his will

BUT HIS POLICIES WOULD PROVED TO BE DISASTROUS

THE 13 COLONIES IN THE MID-1700S In 1750, we were part of a

growing empireBoston, New York, and

Philadelphia were busy commercial centers linking North America to the West Indies, Africa and Europe

Colonial shipyards produced many vessels for this trade

Britain wanted more

The 13 Colonies in the Mid-1700s

In Britain’s American colonies, economic life was booming by 1750. Although Britain tried to regulate trade and other aspects of life in the colonies, there was a sense of semi-independence on the part of the colonists, who tried to control their own affairs.

Colonists Express DiscontentWhen King George III imposed taxes on the colonies to help pay for wars, the colonists rebelled. Tensions escalated and finally broke out into war. Inspired by Enlightenment ideas about the natural rights of man and the right to revolt against an unjust government, the Second Continental Congress declared independence from Britain.

The American Revolution ContinuesWith their passion, with their knowledge of the countryside, and with help from France, the Netherlands, and Spain, the colonists defeated the British. The Treaty of Paris ended the war and recognized the independent United States of America.

A New ConstitutionWhen the Articles of Confederation proved too weak to establish effective government, some of the nation’s leaders drafted the Constitution based on Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. The new government would recognize some basic rights of the people and establish three branches of government to create checks and balances. This document served as a model for constitutions created by other countries.

WHAT ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS ARE REFLECTED IN THE

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE?

– 4X5 NOTE CARD – NO NAME, BUT GIVE ME YOUR “BEST

STUFF”

All the world runs by natural laws, such as the law of supply and demand in economics.

The scientific method is used to find these natural laws.

All people can be educated.

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS BELIEVED…

Sovereignty rests with the people.Government should ensure

separation of church and state. Government is whatever the people

want; then a contract is made whereby government protects natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS BELIEVED…

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE “ENLIGHTENED”?

A. JENNY CRAIG’S NEW DIET PLAN WILL WORK IN EUROPEAN MEAL SETTINGS

B. ONE IS FREE FROM IGNORANCE, PREJUDICE, OR SUPERSTITION

C. YOU HAVE MOMENTS WHEN YOUR BRAIN SUDDENLY PLUGS YOU INTO ANOTHER PART OF THE UNIVERSE.

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE “ENLIGHTENED”?

A. JENNY CRAIG’S NEW DIET PLAN WILL WORK IN EUROPEAN MEAL SETTINGS

B. ONE IS FREE FROM IGNORANCE, PREJUDICE, OR SUPERSTITION

C. YOU HAVE MOMENTS WHEN YOUR BRAIN SUDDENLY PLUGS YOU INTO ANOTHER PART OF THE UNIVERSE.

WHAT DOES LOCKE BELIEVE IS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF

GOVERNMENT?A. TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S NATURAL

RIGHTS OF LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY

B. TO RULE WITH ABSOLUTE AUTHORITY OVER BEAR FANS

C. TO GUARANTEE THE CREATION OF WEALTH FOR ALL CITIZENS

WHAT DOES LOCKE BELIEVE IS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF

GOVERNMENT?A. TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S NATURAL

RIGHTS OF LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY

B. TO RULE WITH ABSOLUTE AUTHORITY OVER BEAR FANS

C. TO GUARANTEE THE CREATION OF WEALTH FOR ALL CITIZENS

THIS ECONOMIST ARGUED FOR A FREE MARKET IN WHICH BUSINESSES COULD

OPERATE WITH FEW GOVERNMENT RULES.

A. THOMAS JEFFERSONB. GEORGE IIIC. BEN BERNANKED. ADAM SMITH

THIS ECONOMIST ARGUED FOR A FREE MARKET IN WHICH BUSINESSES COULD

OPERATE WITH FEW GOVERNMENT RULES.

A. THOMAS JEFFERSONB. GEORGE IIIC. BEN BERNANKED. ADAM SMITH

THIS WAS AN INFORMAL SOCIAL GATHERING IN WHICH THINKERS OF THE

ENLIGHTENMENT COULD TALK ABOUT THEIR IDEAS.

A. TEXAS HOLD-EM TOURNEYB. SALONC. LE BOUTÓND. RED ROOSTER REGADE

THIS WAS AN INFORMAL SOCIAL GATHERING IN WHICH THINKERS OF THE

ENLIGHTENMENT COULD TALK ABOUT THEIR IDEAS.

A. TEXAS HOLD-EM TOURNEYB. SALONC. LE BOUTÓND. RED ROOSTER REGADE

THIS ENLIGHTENMENT THINKER BELIEVED IN THE IDEA OF THE SEPARATION OF

POWERS IN GOVERNMENT

A. ANDREW WINSTON IIIB. CLETUS T. BOYERC. MONTESQUIEUD. PRINCE JAVIER DE CUERRO

THIS ENLIGHTENMENT THINKER BELIEVED IN THE IDEA OF THE SEPARATION OF

POWERS IN GOVERNMENT

A. ANDREW WINSTON IIIB. CLETUS T. BOYERC. MONTESQUIEUD. PRINCE JAVIER DE CUERRO

HE HELPED SPREAD IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT BY PUBLISHING A

COLLECTION OF ARTICLES BY LEADING THINKERS.

A. GEORGE WASHINGTONB. DIDEROTC. AARON FAVRED. SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL

HE HELPED SPREAD IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT BY PUBLISHING A

COLLECTION OF ARTICLES BY LEADING THINKERS.

A. GEORGE WASHINGTONB. DIDEROTC. AARON FAVRED. SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL

AN ENLIGHTENED DESPOT WAS A RULER WHO…

A. ALLOWED WOMEN TO VOTEB. WROTE FICTIONAL NOVELSC. LIKED TO DE-SPOT RUGSD. INFLUENCED POLITICAL AND

SOCIAL CHANGE

ELEGANT AND DELICATEA. MR. FEE & MR. DB. BAROQUEC. ROCOCOD. RAPPER DAN & MC JACK

ELEGANT AND DELICATEA. MR. FEE & MR. DB. BAROQUEC. ROCOCOD. RAPPER DAN & MC JACK

AN ENLIGHTENED DESPOT WAS A RULER WHO…

A. ALLOWED WOMEN TO VOTEB. WROTE FICTIONAL NOVELSC. LIKED TO DE-SPOT RUGSD. INFLUENCED POLITICAL AND

SOCIAL CHANGE

WHEN GEORGE III BECAME KING OF GREAT BRITAIN IN 1760, HE…

A. FOUNDED COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA

B. CAME TO THE UNITED STATES TO OFFER INDEPENDENCE TO THE COLONISTS

C. DECIDED TO REASSERT THE POWERS OF THE CROWN

D. IMMEDIATELY KILLED HIS MOTHER TO PROTECT THE THRONE

WHEN GEORGE III BECAME KING OF GREAT BRITAIN IN 1760, HE…

A. FOUNDED COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA

B. CAME TO THE UNITED STATES TO OFFER INDEPENDENCE TO THE COLONISTS

C. DECIDED TO REASSERT THE POWERS OF THE CROWN

D. IMMEDIATELY KILLED HIS MOTHER TO PROTECT THE THRONE

MAIN IDEASA government has an obligation

to its people, and the people have the right to overthrow that

government if it fails its obligations

MAIN IDEASLaissez faire is a policy that

allows business to operate with little or no government

interference.

MAIN IDEASSome monarchs accepted

Enlightenment ideas and were thus called enlightened

despots, or absolute rulers who used their power to bring about

reform.

MAIN IDEASBritain sought to tax the colonies to pay for their

defense, while colonists thought Britain had no right to tax them

without representation.

MAIN IDEASThe Bill of Rights recognized the natural rights stated by

Locke and the duty of government had to protect

them.

MAIN IDEASBy introducing new ideas on

liberty and government, Enlightenment thinkers

inspired revolutionaries to question what existed and

strive for a better, more just, society and system of

government.

MATCH ‘EM UPa) Adam Smithb) Voltairec) Thomas

Hobbsd) Montesquieue) Denis Diderotf) John Lockeg) Rousseau

1. Encyclopedia2. Natural Rights- life, liberty, and property3. Free market, laissez faire4. Social contract in which people follow

the “general will” of the people for an organized society

5. Battled corruption, injustice, and inequality; defended freedom of speech

6. Separation of powers; checks and balances

7. Social contract in which people follow the “general will” of the people for true liberty

AMERICAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE: MAIN IDEAS

ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL AND HAVE NATURAL RIGHTS TO LIFE, LIBERTY, AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS.

IT IS THE GOVERNMENT’S OBLIGATION TO PROTECT THESE RIGHTS.

IF A GOVERNMENT FAILS TO PROTECT THESE RIGHTS, THE PEOPLE CAN REVOLT AND SET UP A NEW GOVERNMENT.