The enlightenment and the American Revolution
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Transcript of The enlightenment and the American Revolution
THE ENLIGHTENMENTAND
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
1700-1800
WOMEN CHALLENGETHE PHILOSOPHES
The Enlightenment slogan “free and equal” did not apply to women
Can people choose leaders for themselves?
“All people are created equal” New (and potentially dangerous)
concept – Dangerous to who?
A VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN
Called for equal education for boys and girlsArgued that only education could give women the tools they needed to participate equally with men in public life
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT
DENIS DIDEROT
28-volume work published between 1751 and 1772Although banned in many places and censored in others, proved to be a major factor in future revolutionsBecame a forum for Enlightenment thinkers such as Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Voltaire
ENCYCLOPEDIA
DENIS DIDEROT“No man has received from
nature the right to give orders
to others. Freedom is a gift
from heaven, and every
individual of the same species
has the right to enjoy it as
soon as he is in enjoyment of
his reason.”
WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT?
(USE AN ACRONYM)
FUELED DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTIONS AROUND WORLD (AMERICAN, FRENCH)F
.Bastille: The French Revolution
begins July 14, 1789
Signing of the Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776
F.A.S.T.
APPLIED REASON TO THE HUMAN WORLD (GOVERNMENT, LAW)A
.
F.A.S.T.
WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT?
Checks and Balances
STIMULATED RELIGIOUS TOLERANCES.
F.A.S.T.
WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT?
THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR WAS CAUSED BY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS IN THE GERMAN STATES, ESCALATING INTO LARGER CONFLICTS
T.F.A.S.T
.
WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT?
TAUGHT THAT OUR RIGHTS COME FROM NATURAL LAW NOT THE GOVERNMENT
NATURAL RIGHTS
How did ideas of the enlightenment lead to the
independence and founding of the United
States of America?
THE BIG QUESTION
THE ENLIGHTENMENT(5-3) III. Birth of the American Republic
A) Britain becomes a global power
B) The 13 Colonies in the mid-1700s
C) Colonists express discontent
D) The American Revolution continues
E) A new constitution
Because of where England was located, they are in a position to control trade. In the past 100-200 years, English merchants sent ships across the world’s oceans and planted outposts in the West Indies, North America, and India. From these tiny settlements, England built a global empire.
Britain Becomes a Global Power
Favorable business and commerce climate
Compared to other countries, few restrictions on trade
In the 1700s, Britain had a winning streak in both war and trade
In addition, England’s territory expanded closer to home!
England and Wales united with Scotland in 1707 to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain
Free trade with Scotland created a larger market for farmers and manufacturers
Ireland had come under English control during the 1600s, formally united with Great Britain in 1801
Changing of the Guard in England
George was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain. Born in1683, he was brought up in Northern Germany. George exercised little control over British domestic policy, which was largely controlled by Great Britain's parliament.
His life and reign were longer than those of any previous British monarch. They were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of the rest of Europe, and places in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War, becoming the dominant European power in North America and India. He wanted it all!
King George II (1683-1760)
King George III
(1738-1820)
Once King George III had the reigns…Began his 60-year reign in 1760100% EnglishWanted to recover the powers
the crown had lostSet out to reassert royal powerWanted to end Whig dominationChoose his own ministers,
dissolving the cabinet system, and ordered Parliament to follow his will
BUT HIS POLICIES WOULD PROVED TO BE DISASTROUS
THE 13 COLONIES IN THE MID-1700S In 1750, we were part of a
growing empireBoston, New York, and
Philadelphia were busy commercial centers linking North America to the West Indies, Africa and Europe
Colonial shipyards produced many vessels for this trade
Britain wanted more
The 13 Colonies in the Mid-1700s
In Britain’s American colonies, economic life was booming by 1750. Although Britain tried to regulate trade and other aspects of life in the colonies, there was a sense of semi-independence on the part of the colonists, who tried to control their own affairs.
Colonists Express DiscontentWhen King George III imposed taxes on the colonies to help pay for wars, the colonists rebelled. Tensions escalated and finally broke out into war. Inspired by Enlightenment ideas about the natural rights of man and the right to revolt against an unjust government, the Second Continental Congress declared independence from Britain.
The American Revolution ContinuesWith their passion, with their knowledge of the countryside, and with help from France, the Netherlands, and Spain, the colonists defeated the British. The Treaty of Paris ended the war and recognized the independent United States of America.
A New ConstitutionWhen the Articles of Confederation proved too weak to establish effective government, some of the nation’s leaders drafted the Constitution based on Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. The new government would recognize some basic rights of the people and establish three branches of government to create checks and balances. This document served as a model for constitutions created by other countries.
WHAT ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS ARE REFLECTED IN THE
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE?
– 4X5 NOTE CARD – NO NAME, BUT GIVE ME YOUR “BEST
STUFF”
All the world runs by natural laws, such as the law of supply and demand in economics.
The scientific method is used to find these natural laws.
All people can be educated.
ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS BELIEVED…
Sovereignty rests with the people.Government should ensure
separation of church and state. Government is whatever the people
want; then a contract is made whereby government protects natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS BELIEVED…
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE “ENLIGHTENED”?
A. JENNY CRAIG’S NEW DIET PLAN WILL WORK IN EUROPEAN MEAL SETTINGS
B. ONE IS FREE FROM IGNORANCE, PREJUDICE, OR SUPERSTITION
C. YOU HAVE MOMENTS WHEN YOUR BRAIN SUDDENLY PLUGS YOU INTO ANOTHER PART OF THE UNIVERSE.
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE “ENLIGHTENED”?
A. JENNY CRAIG’S NEW DIET PLAN WILL WORK IN EUROPEAN MEAL SETTINGS
B. ONE IS FREE FROM IGNORANCE, PREJUDICE, OR SUPERSTITION
C. YOU HAVE MOMENTS WHEN YOUR BRAIN SUDDENLY PLUGS YOU INTO ANOTHER PART OF THE UNIVERSE.
WHAT DOES LOCKE BELIEVE IS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF
GOVERNMENT?A. TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S NATURAL
RIGHTS OF LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY
B. TO RULE WITH ABSOLUTE AUTHORITY OVER BEAR FANS
C. TO GUARANTEE THE CREATION OF WEALTH FOR ALL CITIZENS
WHAT DOES LOCKE BELIEVE IS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF
GOVERNMENT?A. TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S NATURAL
RIGHTS OF LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY
B. TO RULE WITH ABSOLUTE AUTHORITY OVER BEAR FANS
C. TO GUARANTEE THE CREATION OF WEALTH FOR ALL CITIZENS
THIS ECONOMIST ARGUED FOR A FREE MARKET IN WHICH BUSINESSES COULD
OPERATE WITH FEW GOVERNMENT RULES.
A. THOMAS JEFFERSONB. GEORGE IIIC. BEN BERNANKED. ADAM SMITH
THIS ECONOMIST ARGUED FOR A FREE MARKET IN WHICH BUSINESSES COULD
OPERATE WITH FEW GOVERNMENT RULES.
A. THOMAS JEFFERSONB. GEORGE IIIC. BEN BERNANKED. ADAM SMITH
THIS WAS AN INFORMAL SOCIAL GATHERING IN WHICH THINKERS OF THE
ENLIGHTENMENT COULD TALK ABOUT THEIR IDEAS.
A. TEXAS HOLD-EM TOURNEYB. SALONC. LE BOUTÓND. RED ROOSTER REGADE
THIS WAS AN INFORMAL SOCIAL GATHERING IN WHICH THINKERS OF THE
ENLIGHTENMENT COULD TALK ABOUT THEIR IDEAS.
A. TEXAS HOLD-EM TOURNEYB. SALONC. LE BOUTÓND. RED ROOSTER REGADE
THIS ENLIGHTENMENT THINKER BELIEVED IN THE IDEA OF THE SEPARATION OF
POWERS IN GOVERNMENT
A. ANDREW WINSTON IIIB. CLETUS T. BOYERC. MONTESQUIEUD. PRINCE JAVIER DE CUERRO
THIS ENLIGHTENMENT THINKER BELIEVED IN THE IDEA OF THE SEPARATION OF
POWERS IN GOVERNMENT
A. ANDREW WINSTON IIIB. CLETUS T. BOYERC. MONTESQUIEUD. PRINCE JAVIER DE CUERRO
HE HELPED SPREAD IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT BY PUBLISHING A
COLLECTION OF ARTICLES BY LEADING THINKERS.
A. GEORGE WASHINGTONB. DIDEROTC. AARON FAVRED. SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL
HE HELPED SPREAD IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT BY PUBLISHING A
COLLECTION OF ARTICLES BY LEADING THINKERS.
A. GEORGE WASHINGTONB. DIDEROTC. AARON FAVRED. SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL
AN ENLIGHTENED DESPOT WAS A RULER WHO…
A. ALLOWED WOMEN TO VOTEB. WROTE FICTIONAL NOVELSC. LIKED TO DE-SPOT RUGSD. INFLUENCED POLITICAL AND
SOCIAL CHANGE
ELEGANT AND DELICATEA. MR. FEE & MR. DB. BAROQUEC. ROCOCOD. RAPPER DAN & MC JACK
ELEGANT AND DELICATEA. MR. FEE & MR. DB. BAROQUEC. ROCOCOD. RAPPER DAN & MC JACK
AN ENLIGHTENED DESPOT WAS A RULER WHO…
A. ALLOWED WOMEN TO VOTEB. WROTE FICTIONAL NOVELSC. LIKED TO DE-SPOT RUGSD. INFLUENCED POLITICAL AND
SOCIAL CHANGE
WHEN GEORGE III BECAME KING OF GREAT BRITAIN IN 1760, HE…
A. FOUNDED COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA
B. CAME TO THE UNITED STATES TO OFFER INDEPENDENCE TO THE COLONISTS
C. DECIDED TO REASSERT THE POWERS OF THE CROWN
D. IMMEDIATELY KILLED HIS MOTHER TO PROTECT THE THRONE
WHEN GEORGE III BECAME KING OF GREAT BRITAIN IN 1760, HE…
A. FOUNDED COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA
B. CAME TO THE UNITED STATES TO OFFER INDEPENDENCE TO THE COLONISTS
C. DECIDED TO REASSERT THE POWERS OF THE CROWN
D. IMMEDIATELY KILLED HIS MOTHER TO PROTECT THE THRONE
MAIN IDEASA government has an obligation
to its people, and the people have the right to overthrow that
government if it fails its obligations
MAIN IDEASLaissez faire is a policy that
allows business to operate with little or no government
interference.
MAIN IDEASSome monarchs accepted
Enlightenment ideas and were thus called enlightened
despots, or absolute rulers who used their power to bring about
reform.
MAIN IDEASBritain sought to tax the colonies to pay for their
defense, while colonists thought Britain had no right to tax them
without representation.
MAIN IDEASThe Bill of Rights recognized the natural rights stated by
Locke and the duty of government had to protect
them.
MAIN IDEASBy introducing new ideas on
liberty and government, Enlightenment thinkers
inspired revolutionaries to question what existed and
strive for a better, more just, society and system of
government.
MATCH ‘EM UPa) Adam Smithb) Voltairec) Thomas
Hobbsd) Montesquieue) Denis Diderotf) John Lockeg) Rousseau
1. Encyclopedia2. Natural Rights- life, liberty, and property3. Free market, laissez faire4. Social contract in which people follow
the “general will” of the people for an organized society
5. Battled corruption, injustice, and inequality; defended freedom of speech
6. Separation of powers; checks and balances
7. Social contract in which people follow the “general will” of the people for true liberty
AMERICAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE: MAIN IDEAS
ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL AND HAVE NATURAL RIGHTS TO LIFE, LIBERTY, AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS.
IT IS THE GOVERNMENT’S OBLIGATION TO PROTECT THESE RIGHTS.
IF A GOVERNMENT FAILS TO PROTECT THESE RIGHTS, THE PEOPLE CAN REVOLT AND SET UP A NEW GOVERNMENT.