Post on 01-Apr-2015
The Energy – Matter Spectrum
State and Local Level Considerations:
Radiological Emergencies
Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.)
Director – Illinois Department of Public Health
The Nuclear AgeWhen Will We Catch
Up?
•Historical Points
•RCA-EM / “Fossy” Jaw
•Legislation
IDPH Platform Model
The Mouth and Chronic Disease
Energy-Matter Spectrum AGENT
Occupational Engineering Controls
[Elimination / Containment / Substitution]
Administrative Controls
[BEIACGIHTLV PELOSHA RELNIOSH]
Personal Protective Equipment [PPE]
Containment System / Perimeter / P.P.E. Penetration [Breach]
Exposure to the Agent Biological Monitoring
Surveillance Chemical Monitoring
Radiological Monitoring
10 20 and 30 Prevention Injury, Illness and Disease
[Acute and Chronic]
Environmental Agent Penetration
Public Health Domain:Legislative [HB/SB]
Legislative [HB/SB]Regulatory
Statutes / Rules Regulatory
Behavioral ChoicesAccidents
Health System:LHDsHospitalsClinicsPrivate Practices
General Environmental Conditions: [Causative Agent Spectrum] Probability (Risk of harm resulting in Illness, Injury, or Disease leading to Morbidity or Premature Mortality)
B. Monitoring: [ Epidemiology/Surveillance ] Sensitivity/Specificity/Reproducibility • [e.g., HAN – CHESS – BIOWATCH – NWS - LAB PCR TECH – INEDDS – BIOSENSE -
BIOSHIELD] Accuracy / Precision / Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
• Environmental / Incident Site Contamination
C. Incident Site: [Potential Exposure]: Engineering and Administrative Controls (Limit Exposure) Barrier Breach [Skin/ Respiratory/ G.I.] / Prophylaxis / DECON >>> Direct Exposure: EVAC/Perimeter Mapping/Containment/Lock-Out/Agent Mitigation
D. Primary Treatment Site: EMS / ED / LHD / Private Practices / Dx-Rx
• [Adsorption-Absorption-Distribution (Toxico-dynamic) / Metabolism(Toxico-kinetic)-Defenses-Elimination ]
• E. Secondary Treatment Site: Hospital / Clinic / FQHC / CHC / LHD / PVT Practice Morbidity and Mortality Acute/ Chronic Injury, illness, or Disease // Death
• F. Community Based Dwellings: Home / LTCFs / CIKR Sectors
Public Health S.M.A.R.T. D.O.C. (P.H. Fusion Center)Strategic Management And Resource Technology Department Operations Center
Basic Structure of a Nuclear Plant
Containment Building
4’ – 8’ Thick Walls
Air Tight Seals
Airliner Impact Proof
Source: Energy Information Administration
Reactor Vessel 4” – 8” Thick High Tensile Steel
Reactor Core Rods Fuel Core Neutrons Sustained Rx
Energy ProductionNeutron Bombardment
Heavy Elements (Uranium or Plutonium)
Nuclear Fission2 - 3 Neutrons Sustained Chain Rx
+ Poisons [Radiation + Heat Energy]
H2O Steam
D2O [BWR - 1 loop / PWR - 2 loops]
He Gas
Liquid Metal Turbo Generators Electrical Power
(Pb / Na) 200 Million Electron Volts
Nuclear Fuel Cycle[Front End]
Exploration (uneven distribution)
Mining (Uranium Ore 0.05 to 0.3% U308)
Open, underground and In Situ Leach
Milling (purification/concentration)
Dry powder Uranium Oxide U308 “Yellow Cake” is converted into Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6)
Enrichment (UO2) 0.7% 4.0%
Fissionable isotope U235 and DU (“the enrichment tails”)
Fabrication
Pellets Sealed Rods
Nuclear Fuel Cycle
[Back End]
Interim Storage
Waste Disposal
Reprocessing
ILLINOIS Considerations
•Illinois has 11 Nuclear Plants
•Wind: West to East Flow Pattern
•Earthquake Zone