Post on 17-Dec-2015
Background
1050s CE = Seljuk Turks invade the Byzantine Empire
Within 40 years, the Seljuks control parts of the Byzantine Empire, including Palestine
1095CE = Byzantine Emperor asks Pope Urban II for help
Holy Land
Palestine is Holy Land to Muslims and Jews
Christians also regard Palestine as Holy Land Jesus lived and
taught in Palestine Map of Jerusalem
Council of Clermont
At Clermont, Pope Urban II tells German & French Bishops to recover Palestine
Christians who answered the Pope’s calling were called crusaders
When were the Crusades?
1095-1291CE: 200 years of religious wars
1099CE = The 1st Crusade Christians capture Jerusalem
Late 1100s = The 3rd Crusade Christians surrender Jerusalem
1291 = The 4th Crusade Muslims are victorious
Key Causes
Pope believes the Crusades will increase his power in Europe
Christians believe they will be forgiven for their sins if they fight for the cause
Nobles hope to gain land & $$ by participating in the wars
Travel & excitement Serfs want to escape feudal oppression
Key People
Saladin Respected leader
who united the Muslim world in late 1100s
Defeated Christians in Jerusalem
Did not allow his men to kill, hurt, or rob the Crusaders
Key People
Richard the Lion-Hearted King of England in
1189 Determined to
defeat Saladin Many victories, but
could never capture Jerusalem
Pope Urban II
Impact
Religious hatred Violence and massacres of Jews, Christians,
and Muslims Increase in trade
Returning Crusaders brought new spices, perfumes, and fabrics to Europe
Popes and feudal kings grow more powerful Leaders are commonly viewed as prestigious
Impact
Feudalism weakened; serfs begin paying rent instead of paying with food and labor Money-based economy arises
European interest in travel increases Cultural diffusion & learning
Euro introduced to Byzantine & Muslim educational advancements
Organize the Effects of the Crusades
:) :) :) Trade increases- Feudalism
weakens Popes & Kings
grow more powerful Cultural diffusion learning
:( :( :( Religious hatred Feudalism
weakens-gov’t weakening
Popes & Kings – more power