Exploration. The Crusades The Vikings Marco Polo How Did Each of the Following Influence European...
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Transcript of Exploration. The Crusades The Vikings Marco Polo How Did Each of the Following Influence European...
Exploration
•The Crusades•The Vikings•Marco Polo
How Did Each of the Following Influence European Expansion?
Vikings
“To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”
Bartholomew Diaz
What Motivated EuropeansTo Venture Outward?
Exploration
• 3 main reasons for exploration: God, Glory, and Gold
Technology
TheAstrolabe
The Caravel
Its triangular sails allowed it to sail against the wind
Exploration
• The leading country in this sailing technology is Portugal
Exploration
• Prince Henry of Portugal influenced exploration by opening a navigational school
Portugal’s Routes
Exploration
• 1st Explorer is Bartolomeu Diaz who sailed to the tip of Africa
Exploration
• The 1st European to go to India was Vasco da Gama for Portugal
Exploration
• Spain was the next country to explore
Christopher Columbus
Exploration
• In 1492, Christopher Columbus an Italian tried to sail west to get to the east and landed on an island in the Caribbean Sea
Exploration
• Pedro Cabral of Portugal also went west and landed in Brazil
• He claimed it for Portugal and Spain got mad
Exploration
• Spain and Portugal fought over the new land
• To decrease the conflict they signed the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing the world for Spanish and Portugal exploration
Spain
• Amerigo Vespucci was the first explorer to know that the Americas was a new world = new land was named after him
Spain
• Hernando Cortes led an expedition of conquistadors to Mexico where he heard of a great Aztec empire ruled by Montezuma II
• Cortes conquered the Aztecs by using guns, native enemies of the Aztecs, and disease
Hernando Cortes Montezuma II
Spain
• Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incan Empire in South America by kidnapping and then killing the king
Pizarro
Coronado
Spain
• Spanish priests came to the new world to spread faith and criticize the treatment of Native Americans
• Bartolome de Las Casas sent letters to the Spanish King trying to help the Native Americans
Spain
• Spain would create an encomienda system where natives worked for Spanish lords in the new world = cheap labor force
• No women = Spanish married natives = Mestizo
Spain
• However, disease like smallpox was killing the natives =
• Shortage of labor =
• Spain was the 1st country to import slaves to work the encomiendas
Spain
• Philip II was king of Spain who believed in divine right (god granted kings absolute rule)
• He used the gold of the
new world to for 2 things– Defend Roman Catholicism– Stimulate the arts
Spain
Spain
• Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote
Spain
• Problems• Dutch Revolt• So much gold and
silver led to inflation • Pirates led to heavy
taxes
Netherlands
• The Dutch founded New Netherland and founded a city called New Amsterdam = New York
Netherlands
• Famous for painters like Rembrandt and Jan Vermeer
France
• France explored New France benefiting from the fur trade
England
• The English established Jamestown in 1607
England
• Pilgrims and the Puritans followed Jamestown
• They left England because of religious persecution
England
• France and England would fight for North America in the French and Indian War
• Britain would win and take all the French colonies in North America
Trade
• Triangular Trade was developed
Trade
• The voyage that brought the slaves from Africa to America is called the Middle Passage
A Slave Ship
Another View
Human Cargo
Trade
• Columbian Exchange was the cultural diffusion of plants, animals, and diseases across the Atlantic Ocean
Trade
• The colonies started a new wave of business practices = Commercial Revolution
• A part of the Commercial Revolution was the rise of capitalism
• Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership and investment of wealth for profit
Trade
• Commercial Revolution brought the theory of mercantilism
• Mercantilism is when a nation’s power is depends on how wealthy it is
• To be wealthy states had to sell more goods than they buy = favorable balance of trade
Trade
• To pay for these new colonies, joint-stock companies were created
• Joint-stock companies are when people combine their wealth for a common purpose
• Common purpose = fund the colonies
• Ex: East India Company