The Civil War: 1861The Civil War: 1861The first major battle of the Civil

War was in Manassas, Virginia. The battle was called The 1st Battle of Bull Run.

The first major battle of the Western Campaign was at Shiloh, Tennessee.

The Confederate commander of the region was General Albert Sydney Johnston.

Theaters of War: The WestTheaters of War: The West

The Western Theater consisted of North and South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana. There was some fighting in the other territories and Texas, but nothing of much consequence.

Theaters of War: The EastTheaters of War: The East

The Eastern Theater consisted of Virginia. There was some fighting in the northern states of Maryland, Kentucky and Pennsylvania.

Albert Sydney JohnstonAlbert Sydney Johnston• Jefferson Davis thought he was the

best general in the war.• He led the surprise attack against the

Union troops. He was wounded behind his right knee. He did not think it was serious, but his boot was filling with blood.

• He later died of massive blood loss.

This is the tomb of General Johnston. He is seen atop his horse, Fire Eater.

North MississippiNorth MississippiAfter the Battle of Shiloh, Confederate

forces retreated back to Corinth, MS.Henry Halleck took command of the

Union armies and planned to attack Corinth.

Beauregard left Corinth for Tupelo before the Union could attack.

River issuesRiver issuesWhen Beauregard retreated,

Memphis fell to Union General U.S. Grant.

New Orleans fell to Admiral David G. Farragut.

This cut the Mississippi River off for Confederate travel of people and goods.

Vicksburg is the key!Vicksburg is the key!•At  the time of the Civil War, the Mississippi River was the single most important economic feature of the continent; the very lifeblood of America.•Confederate forces closed the river to navigation.•“…and as valuable as New Orleans will be to us, Vicksburg will be more so.” said Lincoln.•If the Union could take control of the Mississippi River, no more cattle nor soldiers could come over from Texas.

Porter's Fleet Passes the Porter's Fleet Passes the Vicksburg Batteries Vicksburg Batteries On April 16, part of the Union

fleet commanded by Rear Admiral David Porter prepared to run by the Vicksburg batteries.

As the boats rounded De Soto Point, above Vicksburg, they were spotted by Confederate lookouts who spread the alarm.

Bales of cotton soaked in turpentine and barrels of tar which lined the shore were set on fire by the Confederates to illuminate the river.

Porter's fleet successfully fought its way past the Confederate batteries.

Sterling PriceSterling PriceIn September 1861, he led

Confederate troops into Iuka, MS and chased Union troops back to Corinth.

Union General William T. Union General William T. ShermanSherman

He was the president of LSU before the war.

He fought for Ohio. He led the assault

on Vicksburg (1863) and Meridian (1864).

He was Grant’s top general.

The American Civil The American Civil WarWarTitan Blaster #3:Lincoln said the key to victory was taking Vicksburg.1.What value was Vicksburg to the Confederacy?2.Why was the Mississippi River so important to both sides?

How Grant won at How Grant won at VicksburgVicksburgGrant attacked and won the city of Jackson.His troops moved westward.The Union troops surrounded Vicksburg and laid a siege.Lt. Gen John Pemberton surrendered.

The Turning PointsThe Turning PointsThere were three main turning

points that led to the South losing the war.

1.At Chancellorsville, General Stonewall Jackson was mistakenly shot and killed by his own troops.

2.Shortly thereafter, General Lee lost at Gettysburg, PA.

3.Vicksburg fell to the Union siege.

General Robert E. LeeGeneral Robert E. LeeNamed supreme

commander of all Confederate forces.

Only fought in the Eastern Theater.

Is regarded as one of the best generals in world history.

Never fought with more men than his enemy.

Survived the war.

General Thomas JacksonGeneral Thomas JacksonStonewall.Instructor at VMI

before the war.Fought for

Virginia.Strong Christian.Shot by his own

men and died a few days later.

Sherman marches to Sherman marches to MeridianMeridian

William T. Sherman left Vicksburg and marched to Meridian where he destroyed the railroad center there.

General Earl Van General Earl Van DornDorn

Assigned to protect Corinth, Mississippi.This failed.He retreated and attacked Grant’s

supply lines in Holly Springs.On May 7, 1863, he was shot at his

headquarters in Spring Hill, TN, by Dr. George Peters, who claimed that Van Dorn had carried on an affair with his wife.

Peters was later arrested by Confederate authorities, but was never tried for the killing.

He was born in Port Gibson, MS

Nathan Bedford ForrestNathan Bedford ForrestCavalry commander from

Franklin, Tennessee.Most feared confederate

generalMillionaire before the warCut Grant’s supply lines in TN

while he was in Vicksburg.He had no formal training.After the war he was broke.He helped establish the Ku

Klux Klan to help keep Southern Society from changing.

He worked for the railroad until he died in 1877.

The Home FrontThe Home FrontSpecie was in short supply in The South.Paper money was printed, but when the

Confederacy lost, it was worthless.Criminal trials were usually brief and ended

with a hanging.Farmers began to grow more corn and wheat

instead of cotton.Fear broke out about slave revolts.Civilian life became much more difficult.Bands of outlaws preyed on citizens.

Medicine in the 1860’sMedicine in the 1860’s More people died due to

disease than from fighting. Doctors had no idea about how

bacteria could cause infections. Infections in arms and legs

meant amputation. Malaria, diarrhea, dysentery,

and typhoid were the biggest killers.

End of the WarEnd of the WarAbraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862.

It freed all slaves currently being held in the Southern states in rebellion.

The 13th Amendment to the Constitution freed all slaves after the war.

On April 14, 1865 just days after the war ended, President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.

Black TroopsBlack Troops