THE CIVIL WAR1861-1865

• Union vs Confederacy

Union Leaders

Abraham Lincoln

•President of the US during the Civil War

•Insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary.

Ulysses Grant

•Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several Union commanders had failed.

Frederick Douglass

He urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army.

54th Massachusetts Regiment

• The first black unit in the Union Army to see military action.

• Suicide Mission

Confederate Leaders

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America

Robert E. Lee

•General of Confederate Army

•Opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force.

Union Advantages

Population of North and South

0 5 10 15 20 25

North

South

Millions

•Larger Population–More troops

Factories in North and South

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

North

South

Thousands

•More factories–More supplies (guns, railroads,weapons)

–More money

Confederate Advantages

•Military Colleges in South–Better Generals & Soldiers

•Fighting for “freedom” (stronger will to win)

Battles and Their Results

•Charleston Harbor (SC)

•Opening confrontation of the Civil War

Fort Sumter (April 1861)

Bull Run (Manassas, July 1861)

• Demonstrated that war would not end quickly

• Southern victory

Antietam / Sharpsburg (Sept 1862)

•This Union victory led to the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation.

•Bloodiest battle of war

Gettysburg (July 1863)

Union victory and turning point of the war.

Lincoln dedicated a national cemetery here and gave the famous “Gettysburg Address.”

Sherman’s march to the sea (Summer 1864)

• Gen. Sherman led a march through the South

• He burned every city and farm he passed through

• Wanted to cripple the Southern economy

April 2, 1865• Richmond falls

to Union General Grant

Appomattox Court House (April 1865)

• Lee surrenders to Grant

• Lee urged southerners to accept defeat

• Officially ended war

End of Civil WarEnd of Civil War

Economic cost

• Over $20 billion spent

• 2/3rd of the wealth of the South destroyed

Economic Economic and Social and Social

Impact of WarImpact of War

Northern economy grew 50%

• Industries increased production to create material for war

•North and Midwest emerged with strong and growing industrial economies

Northern economy grew 50%

• Set the stage for the emergence of the US as a global power by the beginning of the 20th century.

• Completion of the transcontinental railroad intensified the westward movement of settlers into the states between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean

South left embittered and devastated by war.

• Farms, railroads, factories destroyed

• Agricultural labor system destroyed

• Many freedmen (former slaves) migrated north and west

• Disorganized society

• Shortage of food, shelter and jobs

• Richmond and Atlanta in ruins

• Will remain a backward, agriculture-based economy and the poorest section of the nation for many decades

South left embittered and devastated by war.

Political Results

• Established power of Republican Party• Strengthened concept of “union”• North dominated government• Led to emergence of powerful

Democratic Party in South (the “Solid South”)