The American Civil War

•Introduction to the Civil War

•Comparing the North and the South

•Strategy During the War

•Life During the War

•Fighting During the War

•The Final Phase Part I

•The Final Phase Part II

America: The Story of Us

Today you will be completing a video response sheet to preview the events that occurred during the Civil War.

Activity: WHO AM I???

With this activity you will need to go around to all of your classmates and identify the names that are on your sheet to learn about the influence each of these individuals had on the Civil War – before, during and after.

Bell Ringer

Word Sort Read through the words. Organize words in a way that makes sense to you. Why did you organize the words the way you did? In your notes, write down the words as they appear on

your desk.

Objectives

Discuss the attempts made to compromise with the secessionists.

Analyze how the fall of Fort Sumter affected the relationship between the Union and the Confederacy.

On the Brink of War

The Republican Party wins the election of 1860

Southern states begin to secede

In 1861, six states become part of the Confederate States of America S. Carolina first to

secede South’s president –

Jefferson Davis

Last Attempts at Compromise

Crittenden Compromise Continue on Missouri

Line Lincoln agreed with

protecting slavery where it was

Determined to preserve the Union

The Fall of Fort Sumter

Ft. Sumter in a strategic location Located in harbor of

Charleston, S.C. Lincoln resupplies

troops Troops are ordered to

evacuate, they refuse Forced to surrender Fighting was intended

to last 3 months

Activities

Put together your Civil War Journal Diary Cover Important Terms Important People Timeline Map of Civil War Daily Entries Interesting Facts/Quotes Civil War Statistics Civil War KWL

Video: Review the Civil War video and what makes Ft. Sumter symbolic.

Review

What events led up to the start of the Civil War?

How did Lincoln becoming president have an impact on states seceding?

Why did Crittenden want to prevent states from seceding?

Where is Fort Sumter located? Why was this a key fort?

The American Civil War

•Introduction to the Civil War

•Comparing the North and the South

•Strategy During the War

•Life During the War

•Fighting During the War

•The Final Phase Part I

•The Final Phase Part II

Bell Ringer

Get out your Civil War Journal, turn to your KWL page and fill in the first two columns.

Look at page 127 and answer the two Analyzing Visuals questions. Next, in the first box on the Statistics page of

your Civil War Journal, copy down three sets of statistics mentioned on page 127 that you believe are the most significant to the battle.

Review

What events led up to the start of the Civil War?

How did Lincoln becoming president have an impact on states seceding?

Why did Crittenden want to prevent states from seceding?

Where is Fort Sumter located? Why was this a key fort?

Objective

Describe the influence major leaders had during the Civil War.

Identify the advantages each side possessed at the beginning of the war.

Advantages During the War

North More soldiers Economic advantage In control of industry Easily move troops and

supplies U.S. Navy sided with

the Union

South Smaller area to defend Great military leader

Resources

Soldiers Estimates of 2.7 million served in the Union Estimates of 570,000 served in the Confederacy 3,530 American Indians, 180,000 blacks served in the

Union army 5,500 American Indians served for the Confederacy –

WHY???

Technology/Weapons

Gatling Gun (machine gun) Large number of deaths

Land mines Explosion on contact

Sea mines Mostly used by Confederates

Ironclad ships Replaced wooden ships

Hot-air balloons Spy on confederate defenses

Photography Changed the way people looked at slavery

Technology in the Civil War

The American Civil War

•Introduction to the Civil War

•Comparing the North and the South

•Strategy During the War

•Life During the War

•Fighting During the War

•The Final Phase Part I

•The Final Phase Part II

Bell Ringer

Turn to your “Important Quotes” page in your Civil War Journal

Respond to the following quote, interpret what the author is saying… “Men like war. It makes ‘em feel big. There’s nothin’

so bad it can’t be talked out without fightin’.”Next, read over “Lincoln Asks for 75,000

Volunteers” and summarize what you read. Why do you think he needs to ask for volunteers?

Objectives

Contrast the military strategies of the North and South.

Describe the daily hardships soldiers faced.

Strategy of the North – War of Attrition

Primary goal: Restore the Union

Three part strategy: Capture Richmond Gain control of the

Mississippi Naval blockade of the

South Also known as the

ANACONDA PLAN

Strategy of the South

Capture Washington and invade the North

Shatter morale and communications

Win support from Europe Due to dependence on

cotton Failed when Egypt

comes to the rescue Choice of war to focus

on

Life of a Soldier

Young recruits were enthusiasticNo standard uniforms, lack of supplies

North (Union) = blue South (Confederacy) = gray

Unsanitary conditions led to diseases, death 65% of deaths were caused by disease, infection and

malnutrition Worst in POW camps – some deserted

Northern Soldier Southern Soldier

Uniforms during war

Life of a Drummer Boy

Typical responsibility was to take care of farm

Role of the drummer boy was to make several alerts during war – regroup, retreat

Last time they are used in war

Review

What was the plan of the North?What was the plan of the South?Why were the conditions for the soldiers so

bad?How did the drummer boy have an influence

on the battlefield?

The American Civil War

•Introduction to the Civil War

•Comparing the North and the South

•Strategy During the War

•Life During the War

•Fighting During the War

•The Final Phase Part I

•The Final Phase Part II

Objectives

Report on what life was like during the war on the home front.

Explain how civilians contributed to the war.

Review

What events led up to the Civil War?Why did the southern states secede from the

Union?Who was the first state to secede from the

Union?Why is Fort Sumter so important to the

South?Who is the president in the North? South?Which side has the advantage of population?

Review

How does the North benefit from industry?What are some of the inventions of the Civil

War?What is the primary goal of the North during

the Civil War?How did photography have an impact on the

way people viewed slavery?

The Homefront

Those unable to fight stayed homeNorth:

Women replace factories workers Growing participation in volunteer groups

South: Support through parades, barbecues Pledge money “Starvation parties”

The Homefront

Activity

Read about the influence that women had during the Civil War. Summarize what you read and put it into your notes.

Next read Clara Barton’s biography.

Civilian Aid

Women actively aided the military

Loreta Velazquez Spy for the South

Harriet Tubman Spy for the North

Elizabeth Blackwell First woman doctor

Clara Barton Created the Red Cross

Opposition to the War

First conscription in U.S. historySouthern Opposition

“Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight” Violates state’s rights

Northern Opposition Want peace White men fighting for black man’s freedom Copperheads – southern sympathizers Lincoln suspends habeus corpus

Copperheads

Possible Assignments

Thinking Creatively About History: Write a poem or song written from the viewpoint of someone on the home front. Make sure you address some of the major topics (the new role of women, shortages, family members away at war) in your work.

Linking the Past and Present: Write a short essay comparing the home front during the “War on Terror” today and the home front during the Civil War as presented in class.

Review

What was life like on the home front for both the North and the South?

How did women have an impact on the Civil War?

Why were some Northerners and Southerners opposed to the war?

The American Civil War

•Introduction to the Civil War

•Comparing the North and the South

•Strategy During the War

•Life During the War

•Fighting During the War

•The Final Phase Part I

•The Final Phase Part II

Activity

Today you will be creating a timeline of battles that occurred during the Civil War.

You must include the following on your timeline: Name of the battle/Military leaders Date of battle/Length Map of where the battle occurred Outcome of the battle

The American Civil War

•Introduction to the Civil War

•Comparing the North and the South

•Strategy During the War

•Life During the War

•Fighting During the War

•The Final Phase Part I

•The Final Phase Part II

Objectives

Identify the change in war goals.Explain the outcome of the Battle of

Gettysburg.

Review

Have your Significant Civil War Battles on your desk to review.

Significant Civil War Battles

First Bull Run = long, costly warNew Orleans = limit trading, control

MississippiAntietam = crucial victory for North, British

do not intervene, leads to… Emancipation Proclamation = end slavery in states

that left Union (Jan. 1, 1863) Becomes “war of liberation”

Chancellorsville = lose a crucial leader, “Stonewall”

Gettysburg Quotes

“Men were falling all around us, and cannon and muskets were raining death upon us.”

~G.W. Finley

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”

~Abraham Lincoln

Gettysburg

Lee’s efforts are focused on GettysburgPickett’s Charge was found to be

unsuccessfulBattle proves…

Confederacy can be beaten British will not intervene or recognize Confederacy

Lincoln dedicates the land in Nov. 1863

Assignment – Article “How Slavery Really Ended

While reading, use context clues to define the following: Asylum, citadel, summoned, contraband, segregated

After reading the article, write down one paragraph that details the Northern response to the Emancipation Proclamation and one paragraph that details the Southern response to the Emancipation Proclamation.

The American Civil War

•Introduction to the Civil War

•Comparing the North and the South

•Strategy During the War

•Life During the War

•Fighting During the War

•The Final Phase Part I

•The Final Phase Part II

Objectives

Describe General Sherman’s strategy at the end of the war.

List the terms of surrender at Appomattox.

New Plan Quotes

“We have met a man this time, who either does not know when he is whipped, or who cares not if he loses his whole army.”

“We cannot change the hearts of those people of the South, but we can make war so terrible… that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it.”

“I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah.”

War of attrition (1862-1864) Total war (1864-1865)

Reasoning: fight until they run out of supplies

Gen. Ulysses S. Grant “unconditional

surrender” In charge in the West Gain control of Miss.

R. Promotion after

Vicksburg to East

Reasoning: win by destroying economy

Gen. William T. Sherman “War is hell!” “I will make them howl!” Destruction seen in

Georgia and S. Carolina Sherman’s “March to the

Sea”

Sherman’s March to Sea

Surrender at Appomattox

Battle at Sand Creek Massacre – tensions are high, women and children mutilated

13th Amendment (1865) bans slaveryForces are weak at Petersburg, Lee’s troops

retreatFinal shot at Appomattox, surrender in farm

houseConditions of surrender:

Supply southerners No one would be tried for treason

Kept simple to join as one nation

Surrender Quotes

“Let all the men who claim to own a horse or mule take the animals home with them to work their little farms. This will do much toward conciliating our people.”

~Robert E. Lee

“The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again.”

~Ulysses S. Grant