The American Civil War
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The American Civil War • Introduction to the Civil War • Comparing the North and the South • Strategy During the War • Life During the War • Fighting During the War • The Final Phase Part I • The Final Phase Part II
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Introduction to the Civil War Comparing the North and the South Strategy During the War Life During the War Fighting During the War The Final Phase Part I The Final Phase Part II . The American Civil War. America: The Story of Us. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The American Civil War
The American Civil War
•Introduction to the Civil War
•Comparing the North and the South
•Strategy During the War
•Life During the War
•Fighting During the War
•The Final Phase Part I
•The Final Phase Part II
America: The Story of Us
Today you will be completing a video response sheet to preview the events that occurred during the Civil War.
Activity: WHO AM I???
With this activity you will need to go around to all of your classmates and identify the names that are on your sheet to learn about the influence each of these individuals had on the Civil War – before, during and after.
Bell Ringer
Word Sort Read through the words. Organize words in a way that makes sense to you. Why did you organize the words the way you did? In your notes, write down the words as they appear on
your desk.
Objectives
Discuss the attempts made to compromise with the secessionists.
Analyze how the fall of Fort Sumter affected the relationship between the Union and the Confederacy.
On the Brink of War
The Republican Party wins the election of 1860
Southern states begin to secede
In 1861, six states become part of the Confederate States of America S. Carolina first to
secede South’s president –
Jefferson Davis
Last Attempts at Compromise
Crittenden Compromise Continue on Missouri
Line Lincoln agreed with
protecting slavery where it was
Determined to preserve the Union
The Fall of Fort Sumter
Ft. Sumter in a strategic location Located in harbor of
Charleston, S.C. Lincoln resupplies
troops Troops are ordered to
evacuate, they refuse Forced to surrender Fighting was intended
to last 3 months
Activities
Put together your Civil War Journal Diary Cover Important Terms Important People Timeline Map of Civil War Daily Entries Interesting Facts/Quotes Civil War Statistics Civil War KWL
Video: Review the Civil War video and what makes Ft. Sumter symbolic.
Review
What events led up to the start of the Civil War?
How did Lincoln becoming president have an impact on states seceding?
Why did Crittenden want to prevent states from seceding?
Where is Fort Sumter located? Why was this a key fort?
The American Civil War
•Introduction to the Civil War
•Comparing the North and the South
•Strategy During the War
•Life During the War
•Fighting During the War
•The Final Phase Part I
•The Final Phase Part II
Bell Ringer
Get out your Civil War Journal, turn to your KWL page and fill in the first two columns.
Look at page 127 and answer the two Analyzing Visuals questions. Next, in the first box on the Statistics page of
your Civil War Journal, copy down three sets of statistics mentioned on page 127 that you believe are the most significant to the battle.
Review
What events led up to the start of the Civil War?
How did Lincoln becoming president have an impact on states seceding?
Why did Crittenden want to prevent states from seceding?
Where is Fort Sumter located? Why was this a key fort?
Objective
Describe the influence major leaders had during the Civil War.
Identify the advantages each side possessed at the beginning of the war.
Advantages During the War
North More soldiers Economic advantage In control of industry Easily move troops and
supplies U.S. Navy sided with
the Union
South Smaller area to defend Great military leader
Resources
Soldiers Estimates of 2.7 million served in the Union Estimates of 570,000 served in the Confederacy 3,530 American Indians, 180,000 blacks served in the
Union army 5,500 American Indians served for the Confederacy –
WHY???
Technology/Weapons
Gatling Gun (machine gun) Large number of deaths
Land mines Explosion on contact
Sea mines Mostly used by Confederates
Ironclad ships Replaced wooden ships
Hot-air balloons Spy on confederate defenses
Photography Changed the way people looked at slavery
Technology in the Civil War
The American Civil War
•Introduction to the Civil War
•Comparing the North and the South
•Strategy During the War
•Life During the War
•Fighting During the War
•The Final Phase Part I
•The Final Phase Part II
Bell Ringer
Turn to your “Important Quotes” page in your Civil War Journal
Respond to the following quote, interpret what the author is saying… “Men like war. It makes ‘em feel big. There’s nothin’
so bad it can’t be talked out without fightin’.”Next, read over “Lincoln Asks for 75,000
Volunteers” and summarize what you read. Why do you think he needs to ask for volunteers?
Objectives
Contrast the military strategies of the North and South.
Describe the daily hardships soldiers faced.
Strategy of the North – War of Attrition
Primary goal: Restore the Union
Three part strategy: Capture Richmond Gain control of the
Mississippi Naval blockade of the
South Also known as the
ANACONDA PLAN
Strategy of the South
Capture Washington and invade the North
Shatter morale and communications
Win support from Europe Due to dependence on
cotton Failed when Egypt
comes to the rescue Choice of war to focus
on
Life of a Soldier
Young recruits were enthusiasticNo standard uniforms, lack of supplies
North (Union) = blue South (Confederacy) = gray
Unsanitary conditions led to diseases, death 65% of deaths were caused by disease, infection and
malnutrition Worst in POW camps – some deserted
Northern Soldier Southern Soldier
Uniforms during war
Life of a Drummer Boy
Typical responsibility was to take care of farm
Role of the drummer boy was to make several alerts during war – regroup, retreat
Last time they are used in war
Review
What was the plan of the North?What was the plan of the South?Why were the conditions for the soldiers so
bad?How did the drummer boy have an influence
on the battlefield?
The American Civil War
•Introduction to the Civil War
•Comparing the North and the South
•Strategy During the War
•Life During the War
•Fighting During the War
•The Final Phase Part I
•The Final Phase Part II
Objectives
Report on what life was like during the war on the home front.
Explain how civilians contributed to the war.
Review
What events led up to the Civil War?Why did the southern states secede from the
Union?Who was the first state to secede from the
Union?Why is Fort Sumter so important to the
South?Who is the president in the North? South?Which side has the advantage of population?
Review
How does the North benefit from industry?What are some of the inventions of the Civil
War?What is the primary goal of the North during
the Civil War?How did photography have an impact on the
way people viewed slavery?
The Homefront
Those unable to fight stayed homeNorth:
Women replace factories workers Growing participation in volunteer groups
South: Support through parades, barbecues Pledge money “Starvation parties”
The Homefront
Activity
Read about the influence that women had during the Civil War. Summarize what you read and put it into your notes.
Next read Clara Barton’s biography.
Civilian Aid
Women actively aided the military
Loreta Velazquez Spy for the South
Harriet Tubman Spy for the North
Elizabeth Blackwell First woman doctor
Clara Barton Created the Red Cross
Opposition to the War
First conscription in U.S. historySouthern Opposition
“Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight” Violates state’s rights
Northern Opposition Want peace White men fighting for black man’s freedom Copperheads – southern sympathizers Lincoln suspends habeus corpus
Copperheads
Possible Assignments
Thinking Creatively About History: Write a poem or song written from the viewpoint of someone on the home front. Make sure you address some of the major topics (the new role of women, shortages, family members away at war) in your work.
Linking the Past and Present: Write a short essay comparing the home front during the “War on Terror” today and the home front during the Civil War as presented in class.
Review
What was life like on the home front for both the North and the South?
How did women have an impact on the Civil War?
Why were some Northerners and Southerners opposed to the war?
The American Civil War
•Introduction to the Civil War
•Comparing the North and the South
•Strategy During the War
•Life During the War
•Fighting During the War
•The Final Phase Part I
•The Final Phase Part II
Activity
Today you will be creating a timeline of battles that occurred during the Civil War.
You must include the following on your timeline: Name of the battle/Military leaders Date of battle/Length Map of where the battle occurred Outcome of the battle
The American Civil War
•Introduction to the Civil War
•Comparing the North and the South
•Strategy During the War
•Life During the War
•Fighting During the War
•The Final Phase Part I
•The Final Phase Part II
Objectives
Identify the change in war goals.Explain the outcome of the Battle of
Gettysburg.
Review
Have your Significant Civil War Battles on your desk to review.
Significant Civil War Battles
First Bull Run = long, costly warNew Orleans = limit trading, control
MississippiAntietam = crucial victory for North, British
do not intervene, leads to… Emancipation Proclamation = end slavery in states
that left Union (Jan. 1, 1863) Becomes “war of liberation”
Chancellorsville = lose a crucial leader, “Stonewall”
Gettysburg Quotes
“Men were falling all around us, and cannon and muskets were raining death upon us.”
~G.W. Finley
“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”
~Abraham Lincoln
Gettysburg
Lee’s efforts are focused on GettysburgPickett’s Charge was found to be
unsuccessfulBattle proves…
Confederacy can be beaten British will not intervene or recognize Confederacy
Lincoln dedicates the land in Nov. 1863
Assignment – Article “How Slavery Really Ended
While reading, use context clues to define the following: Asylum, citadel, summoned, contraband, segregated
After reading the article, write down one paragraph that details the Northern response to the Emancipation Proclamation and one paragraph that details the Southern response to the Emancipation Proclamation.
The American Civil War
•Introduction to the Civil War
•Comparing the North and the South
•Strategy During the War
•Life During the War
•Fighting During the War
•The Final Phase Part I
•The Final Phase Part II
Objectives
Describe General Sherman’s strategy at the end of the war.
List the terms of surrender at Appomattox.
New Plan Quotes
“We have met a man this time, who either does not know when he is whipped, or who cares not if he loses his whole army.”
“We cannot change the hearts of those people of the South, but we can make war so terrible… that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it.”
“I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah.”
War of attrition (1862-1864) Total war (1864-1865)
Reasoning: fight until they run out of supplies
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant “unconditional
surrender” In charge in the West Gain control of Miss.
R. Promotion after
Vicksburg to East
Reasoning: win by destroying economy
Gen. William T. Sherman “War is hell!” “I will make them howl!” Destruction seen in
Georgia and S. Carolina Sherman’s “March to the
Sea”
Sherman’s March to Sea
Surrender at Appomattox
Battle at Sand Creek Massacre – tensions are high, women and children mutilated
13th Amendment (1865) bans slaveryForces are weak at Petersburg, Lee’s troops
retreatFinal shot at Appomattox, surrender in farm
houseConditions of surrender:
Supply southerners No one would be tried for treason
Kept simple to join as one nation
Surrender Quotes
“Let all the men who claim to own a horse or mule take the animals home with them to work their little farms. This will do much toward conciliating our people.”
~Robert E. Lee
“The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again.”
~Ulysses S. Grant
