Post on 27-Mar-2015
Stalin
“The man of steel”
STALIN:
MAD, BAD, AND SAD
JOSEF STALIN
• NOT HIS REAL NAME, HE’S NOT EVEN A RUSSIAN.
• BORN IN GEORGIA (CAUCUSUS) IN 1879.
• IOSIF DZHUGASHVILI.
• FATHER WAS A SHOEMAKER AND A DRUNK.
• HE GREW UP IN A HUT.
• ENROLLS IN SEMINARY;
IS THROWN OUT FOR
READING MARX
“COMRADE” STALIN AS REVOLUTIONARY
• DOES LITTLE DURING RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
• APPOINTED BOLSHEVIK COMMISSAR OF NATIONALITIES AFTER THE REVOLUTION
•Stalin supported Lenin’s takeover•After Lenin dies, uses his influence to assume Lenin’s role•Constantly afraid of outside attack by other countries•“They know communism is better, so they’re jealous”•Believes only way to protect USSR was by dramatically increasing military might and increasing industrialization….•At any cost!•Does this by establishing “5 year plans”
FIVE YEAR PLANS
• Central governmentplanners set goals -Soviet industry Almost catches up to Rest of Europe in lessThan 15 years Happy Peasants
5 year plans
• Stalin would look at production amounts
• set an extreme goal for factories, etc….
• Example
• 1925 19301935
Electricity, coal, steel, food, etc...
5 year plans• Forces people to move
from countryside to cities• Huge display boards
showing output• Begin paying harder, more
skilled workers more $
• It worked….
http://www.cyberussr.com/rus/col-graph.html
COLLECTIVE FARMS
Stalin reforms• Farmers forced to work as a group “collectivization”
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Old methods to new...
http://www.esu9.org/~xrchs/farm/tractor.jpeg
ELIMINATING THE KULAKS
• KULAKS WERE PROSPEROUS PEASANTS, WHO SOMETIMES LENT MONEY AND SEED TO OTHER PEASANTS
• ACCUSED OF SABOTAGE
• STALIN LAUNCHES A CLASS WAR
•Stalin resentful of “Kulaks”•(Farmers with more land/$/resources•Confiscates their lands•Exiles many to forced labour camps in Siberia
http://www.casp.cam.ac.uk/projects/siberia-flyer.gif
FAMINE IN UKRAINE
• HARVESTS FAIL IN 1932-33
THE GULAG
• WORK CAMPS FOR DISSENTERS OR ANYONE ACCUSED BY PARTY
• MOSTLY IN SIBERIA – MASSIVE PROJECTS BUILT BY SLAVE LABOR
THE GULAG “ARCHIPELAGO”
•Kulaks not the only sent to Siberia•Anyone found not contributing/doing their fair share•Anyone complaining about Stalin/government•Siberia=“Labour Camps”, c-o-l-d...•= dreadful conditions…early death
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSsiberia.htm
SampleSiberianoutcasts(noticechains)
PURGES• STALIN REMOVED ANYONE HE PERCEIVED
AS A THREAT• EVENTUALLY, ALMOST ALL THE “OLD
BOLSHEVIKS” OF THE REVOLUTION WERE REPLACED BY “LITTLE STALINS”
SHOW TRIALS
Public humiliation of
Those being purged.
Started with killing of
Kirov, a loyal follower
Of Stalin. Liquidations
Sometimes amounted
To hundreds a day.
•Stalin is ruthless.•Eliminates any political competition via exile/death/Siberia•Does this on a regular basis…called “purges”•Secret police (NKVD) would round up suspected “traitors”•given “show trials”, then sent “away”….
http://blogs.salon.com/0001137/images/2003/07/09/slate-scapegoat.gif
ASSASSINATIONS
http://imagediggers.netfirms.com/gallery_images/newspapers.html
•Example….Trotsky exiled.•Trotsky builds villa-fortress in Mexico with high security.•Eventually Stalin finds Trotsky, sends an agent.•Agent works his way into compound, becomes an employee•One night agent sneaks into bedroom, stabs Trotsky in back of skull with an
icepick
•Voting allowed…but only for communist party:-)•“One-party-rule” eventually becomes• “One-person-rule.”•Stalin eventually becomes a dictator with full control•Stalin has complete, total control of the country.•Forces USSR to become very powerful…•Many human costs.•Estimates of 5-25 million deaths.•Many claim his purges and excessive work plans killed more Russians than WW1&2 combined!?•How does he get away with all this???
REWRITING HISTORY
Propoganda
• Stalin controls media
• Radio, newspapers, education, t.v., everything.
• Always portraying Stalin as Sweet “Uncle Joe”
CULT OF PERSONALITY
In reality...
http://www.jos-cu-ei.home.ro/index_files/pics/stalin.jpg
"The leader and teacher of humanity in the fight for peace, democracy and socialism."
http://www.cusd.com/calonline/worldhistory/module09/09lessons/0901.htm
SamplePropogandaPoster
http://www.kpd-ml.net/stalin%20werke/Stalin%20schreibt.jpg
SamplePropoganda Image
http://www.punatahdet.com/kuvat/stalin.jpg
SamplePropoganda Image
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/Stalincult.jpg
SamplePropogandaWall Image
http://www.maristas.com.ar/champagnat/imagenes/poli/ingles/sec/josefina/Stalin.jpg
SamplePropogandaPoster
What headlinewould be usedby Stalinfor this image?
Why wouldn’t this image be allowed?http://www.straightdope.com/columns/020614.html
Even other countries were impressed...
http://i.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1941/1101411027_400.jpg
GENOCIDES
• Chechens, Kalmyks and Balkars
• Small Caucasian peoples accused of cooperating with Nazis
• Rounded up and sent into desert in dead of winter to die.
DEATH OF STALIN
• 1953
• “DOCTORS’ PLOT”
• NO CLEAR SUCCESSION
Results?
• USSR becomes one of the mightiest powers on the planet, 2nd only to USA
• First to get a satellite in space• Eventually helps other countries become communist (Cuba, etc.)
• Costs???? Millions of dead civilians• Increased tensions between countries• Cold War