Stalin

“The man of steel”

STALIN:

MAD, BAD, AND SAD

JOSEF STALIN

• NOT HIS REAL NAME, HE’S NOT EVEN A RUSSIAN.

• BORN IN GEORGIA (CAUCUSUS) IN 1879.

• IOSIF DZHUGASHVILI.

• FATHER WAS A SHOEMAKER AND A DRUNK.

• HE GREW UP IN A HUT.

• ENROLLS IN SEMINARY;

IS THROWN OUT FOR

READING MARX

“COMRADE” STALIN AS REVOLUTIONARY

• DOES LITTLE DURING RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

• APPOINTED BOLSHEVIK COMMISSAR OF NATIONALITIES AFTER THE REVOLUTION

•Stalin supported Lenin’s takeover•After Lenin dies, uses his influence to assume Lenin’s role•Constantly afraid of outside attack by other countries•“They know communism is better, so they’re jealous”•Believes only way to protect USSR was by dramatically increasing military might and increasing industrialization….•At any cost!•Does this by establishing “5 year plans”

FIVE YEAR PLANS

• Central governmentplanners set goals -Soviet industry Almost catches up to Rest of Europe in lessThan 15 years Happy Peasants

5 year plans

• Stalin would look at production amounts

• set an extreme goal for factories, etc….

• Example

• 1925 19301935

Electricity, coal, steel, food, etc...

5 year plans• Forces people to move

from countryside to cities• Huge display boards

showing output• Begin paying harder, more

skilled workers more $

• It worked….

http://www.cyberussr.com/rus/col-graph.html

COLLECTIVE FARMS

Stalin reforms• Farmers forced to work as a group “collectivization”

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Old methods to new...

http://www.esu9.org/~xrchs/farm/tractor.jpeg

ELIMINATING THE KULAKS

• KULAKS WERE PROSPEROUS PEASANTS, WHO SOMETIMES LENT MONEY AND SEED TO OTHER PEASANTS

• ACCUSED OF SABOTAGE

• STALIN LAUNCHES A CLASS WAR

•Stalin resentful of “Kulaks”•(Farmers with more land/$/resources•Confiscates their lands•Exiles many to forced labour camps in Siberia

http://www.casp.cam.ac.uk/projects/siberia-flyer.gif

FAMINE IN UKRAINE

• HARVESTS FAIL IN 1932-33

THE GULAG

• WORK CAMPS FOR DISSENTERS OR ANYONE ACCUSED BY PARTY

• MOSTLY IN SIBERIA – MASSIVE PROJECTS BUILT BY SLAVE LABOR

THE GULAG “ARCHIPELAGO”

•Kulaks not the only sent to Siberia•Anyone found not contributing/doing their fair share•Anyone complaining about Stalin/government•Siberia=“Labour Camps”, c-o-l-d...•= dreadful conditions…early death

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSsiberia.htm

SampleSiberianoutcasts(noticechains)

PURGES• STALIN REMOVED ANYONE HE PERCEIVED

AS A THREAT• EVENTUALLY, ALMOST ALL THE “OLD

BOLSHEVIKS” OF THE REVOLUTION WERE REPLACED BY “LITTLE STALINS”

SHOW TRIALS

Public humiliation of

Those being purged.

Started with killing of

Kirov, a loyal follower

Of Stalin. Liquidations

Sometimes amounted

To hundreds a day.

•Stalin is ruthless.•Eliminates any political competition via exile/death/Siberia•Does this on a regular basis…called “purges”•Secret police (NKVD) would round up suspected “traitors”•given “show trials”, then sent “away”….

http://blogs.salon.com/0001137/images/2003/07/09/slate-scapegoat.gif

ASSASSINATIONS

http://imagediggers.netfirms.com/gallery_images/newspapers.html

•Example….Trotsky exiled.•Trotsky builds villa-fortress in Mexico with high security.•Eventually Stalin finds Trotsky, sends an agent.•Agent works his way into compound, becomes an employee•One night agent sneaks into bedroom, stabs Trotsky in back of skull with an

icepick

•Voting allowed…but only for communist party:-)•“One-party-rule” eventually becomes• “One-person-rule.”•Stalin eventually becomes a dictator with full control•Stalin has complete, total control of the country.•Forces USSR to become very powerful…•Many human costs.•Estimates of 5-25 million deaths.•Many claim his purges and excessive work plans killed more Russians than WW1&2 combined!?•How does he get away with all this???

REWRITING HISTORY

Propoganda

• Stalin controls media

• Radio, newspapers, education, t.v., everything.

• Always portraying Stalin as Sweet “Uncle Joe”

CULT OF PERSONALITY

In reality...

http://www.jos-cu-ei.home.ro/index_files/pics/stalin.jpg

"The leader and teacher of humanity in the fight for peace, democracy and socialism."

http://www.cusd.com/calonline/worldhistory/module09/09lessons/0901.htm

SamplePropogandaPoster

http://www.kpd-ml.net/stalin%20werke/Stalin%20schreibt.jpg

SamplePropoganda Image

http://www.punatahdet.com/kuvat/stalin.jpg

SamplePropoganda Image

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/Stalincult.jpg

SamplePropogandaWall Image

http://www.maristas.com.ar/champagnat/imagenes/poli/ingles/sec/josefina/Stalin.jpg

SamplePropogandaPoster

What headlinewould be usedby Stalinfor this image?

Why wouldn’t this image be allowed?http://www.straightdope.com/columns/020614.html

Even other countries were impressed...

http://i.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1941/1101411027_400.jpg

GENOCIDES

• Chechens, Kalmyks and Balkars

• Small Caucasian peoples accused of cooperating with Nazis

• Rounded up and sent into desert in dead of winter to die.

DEATH OF STALIN

• 1953

• “DOCTORS’ PLOT”

• NO CLEAR SUCCESSION

Results?

• USSR becomes one of the mightiest powers on the planet, 2nd only to USA

• First to get a satellite in space• Eventually helps other countries become communist (Cuba, etc.)

• Costs???? Millions of dead civilians• Increased tensions between countries• Cold War