SONET

Prof. Anish Goel

Circuit Switching Networks

2 SONET Anish Goel

How a network grows

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A Network Keeps Growing

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Multiplexing

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Frequency-Division Multiplexing

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Time-Division Multiplexing

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T-Carrier System

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North American Digital Multiplexing Hierarchy

9 SONET Anish Goel

CCITT Digital Hierarchy

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Wavelength-Division Multiplexing

11 SONET Anish Goel

SONET: Overview

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SONET simplifies multiplexing

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SONET Specifications

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SONET & SDH Hierarchy

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SONET Multiplexing

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SONET Equipment

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Section, Line, & Path in SONET

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Section, Line, & Path Layers in SONET

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SONET STS Frame

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SONET FRAME

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SPE Can Span Consecutive Frames

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Stuffing in SONET

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Negative & Positive Stuff

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Synchronous Multiplexing

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Octet Interleaving

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Concatenated Payloads

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