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Implementation of the Urban Waste Water Directive in Austria

Robert Fenz

Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management

Seite 2 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

AUSTRIA – Background

IRB DANUBE

IRB ELBE

IRB RHINE

Seite 3 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

UWWT situation in Austria

• Catchment area:– Danube (~96%), Rhein (~ 3%), Elbe (< 1%)– Black Sea (96 %), North Sea (4 %)

• 8 million inhabitants

• 86% connected to sewer systems (state 2001)

• waste water treatment design capacity (ODC):20 million p.e. (population equivalents)14.7 million p.e. actually treated

Seite 4 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Legal basis of Austrian water management

EU Legislation - UWWT Directive 91/271

National legislation:

Water Act

General waste water ordinance

UWWT emission ordinance

Sector specific emission ordinances

Seite 5 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Administrative organization and responsibilities

Federal Governmentlegal responsibility

Urban waste water emission ordinance

9 Länder (Provinces) and 2359 municipalitiesresponsibility of implementation,

monitoring and surveillance

permitsOrdinances (sludge disposal)

Seite 6 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

UWWT situation in Austria

Class-size: p.e.

50 –

2,000

2,000 –

10,000

10,000 –

15,000

15,000 –

150,000 >

150,000 total

no. WWTP 845 397 44 187 22 1,495

% of WWTP 56.5 26.6 2.9 12.5 1.5 100.0

ODC 1,000 p.e.

419 1,858 572 7,694 9,541 20,084

% of p.e. 2.1 9.3 2.8 38.3 47.5 100.0

20,084,000 p.e. design capacity (ODC); 14,674,853 p.e. actually treated in 2002

Seite 7 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Level of treatment

• Requirements for waste water treatment

• based on combined approach set out in Art. 10 WFD

• strong emphasis on emission controls based on best available techniques

• Requirements for industrial effluents

• several specific ordinances, permits

• combination of internal and end of pipe measures

• Requirements for urban waste water

• secondary treatment with nitrification is in general the basic requirement

Seite 8 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

UWWTP Size classes and emission limit values (mg/l)

Class-size: p.e.

50 – 500

500 – 5,000

5,000 – 50,000

> 50,000

BOD5 25 20 20 15 COD 90 75 75 75 TOC 30 25 25 25 NH4-N 10 5 5 5 Ptot - 2 1 1 Ntot - - 70 % 70 %

Article 5 (8) UWWTD

Seite 9 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Level of treatment

• Nitrification

• Reduction of oxygen demand

• Danger of ammonia toxicity reduced

• Reduction of pathogens (~103)

• Removal of dangerous substances

• P-removal important for lakes, partly small rivers to prevent / reduce eutrophication

• N- and P- removal important for Black Sea / North Sea

• Cost-benefit ratio is considered to be good

Seite 10 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Eutrophication

• Surface waters in Austria are generally P-limited

• Criteria for risk assessment of rivers (under revision):0,07 mg/l Ptot filtrated for salmonid waters0,15 mg/l Ptot filtrated for cyprinid waters

• Rivers: 13 % at risk in respect to biological or trophic status due to Article 5 WFD analysis

• Lakes > 0.5 km2 are in good ecological status

• Article 5(8) of UWWTD since 2003 (P)

• Black Sea and North Sea are N- and/or P-limited

Seite 11 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Biological Water Quality

Seite 12 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Eutrophication

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Activated sludge system

Also Sequencing Batch Reactors for smaller WWTPs

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Vienna WWTP

Different flow schemes for nutrient removal (from simple to sophisticated depending on local situation)

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Vienna WWTP 4 million p.e.

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Dimensioning

• Austrian and German guidelines are used for dimensioning

• Dimensioning of Single-Stage Activated Sludge Plants. German Water Association (DWA) A-131, 2000

• Standardisation and Derivation of Dimensioning Values for Wastewater Facilities.

German Water Association (DWA) A-198, 2002

• Construction and Testing of Drains and Sewers. DWA A-139, 2002 on the basis of DIN EN 1610

• Advisory Leaflets (ÖWAV, DWA)

• Austrian standards (ON) for small WWTPs

Seite 17 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Investment costs

• Investments for sewer systems and WWTPs

• 1959 -2004: ~ 33,000 billion €

• up to 2015: ~ 6,000 billion €

• average yearly investments in Austria: 100 €/inhabitant

• ~ 0.5 % of the Gross Domestic Product

• investments costs per connected inhabitant: ~ 6,000 €

• yearly costs per connected inhabitant: ~ 150 - 200 €

• average fee: 1-3 €/m3

Seite 18 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Subsidy system for implementation

• State loan system (1959 -1993)

• long-term soft loans granted to municipalities by federal water fund (1-3 % interest rate; 30-50 years)

• Subsidized loan-repayment system (since 1993)

• loans on the free capital market

• subsidy conditions set by the ministry, private credit institute handles the subsidy-projects

• subsidy rate between 8 (20) and 50 %.

Seite 19 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Monitoring methods and frequencies

•Sampling method:predominantly time-based samples (24 hours) but also flow proportional

•Allowed failures: – according to the number of samples (Annex I, table 3)– no value more than 100% > limit value

•Frequencies (surveillance): 1, 6, 12, 12 and more(according to size classes)

Seite 20 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Self-monitoring frequencies

Class-size: p.e.

50 – 500

500 – 5,000

5,000 – 50,000

> 50,000

BOD5 6 12 52 104 COD 12 26 104 260 TOC - - 26 52 NH4-N 52 104 156 365 Ptot - 52 104 260 Ntot - 52 104 260

Seite 21 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Monitoring performance

Self-monitoring:Municipality/water associations

(At the plant and/or in laboratories)

Surveillance-monitoring:Länder (Provinces), local water surveillance

(by public or certificated private laboratories)

Seite 22 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Reporting system until 2000

Data flow from:uwwt plants, industries, population

To: regional authorities, provinces, ministry or statistical office

For: national and internat. Statistics national and international reports

Statistical office: every 10 yearsMinistry: a) every 3 years

b) according to EU reporting obligations, ad hoc specific requests

Seite 23 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

New Austrian reporting system

Ministry Other national bodies

National UWWT-DB

Regional authorities

UWWTP Industries

Other int. Rep.

(EEA,...)UWWTD

WFD

Other Directives

Other Reporting

reports/electronic data exchange

electronic data exchange

Seite 24 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Data management

• Information about:• Individual plants• Loads and emission concentrations• (Permits)• Industrial point sources• Spatial information (GIS)• Historical data• Connection degree (often missing)

• Evaluation carried out by FEA/Ministry/Provinces• Evaluation tool integrated in data base

Seite 25 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Rural areas –small treatment plants / individual systems

• ~1 million people (14 % of population) not connected to sewer systems, out of these:

• 65 % cess pits (number of pits is decreasing)• 35 % small treatment plants

• conventional biological treatment plants• constructed wetlands• septic tanks

• “Alternatives”:• waste water disposal on farm land?• infiltration of treated waste water?

• Further public funding required for socially acceptable costs

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Constructed wetlands

Extensive Wastewater Treatment Processes 500 – 5,000 p.e.

Guide, Commission, 2001

Seite 27 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Rural areas –small treatment plants / individual systems

• Small WWTPs became much cheaper in the last years• Constructed wetlands: usually vertical filter with intermittent feed (nitrification) • Discussions on infiltration of treated waste water:

• hygienic problems (risk based assessment – further research required)

• oxygen• conservative compounds

Seite 28 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

Thank you for your attention

robert.fenz@lebensministerium.at

http://www.lebensministerium.at