Seite 120.09.2015 Hier steht ein thematisches Foto Implementation of the Urban Waste Water Directive...

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Hier steht ein thematisches Foto

Implementation of the Urban Waste Water Directive in Austria

Robert Fenz

Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management

Seite 2 Robert Fenz; 24. Nov. 2005TAIEX seminar, Larnaca, Cyprus

AUSTRIA – Background

IRB DANUBE

IRB ELBE

IRB RHINE


UWWT situation in Austria

• Catchment area:– Danube (~96%), Rhein (~ 3%), Elbe (< 1%)– Black Sea (96 %), North Sea (4 %)

• 8 million inhabitants

• 86% connected to sewer systems (state 2001)

• waste water treatment design capacity (ODC):20 million p.e. (population equivalents)14.7 million p.e. actually treated


Legal basis of Austrian water management

EU Legislation - UWWT Directive 91/271

National legislation:

Water Act

General waste water ordinance

UWWT emission ordinance

Sector specific emission ordinances


Administrative organization and responsibilities

Federal Governmentlegal responsibility

Urban waste water emission ordinance

9 Länder (Provinces) and 2359 municipalitiesresponsibility of implementation,

monitoring and surveillance

permitsOrdinances (sludge disposal)


UWWT situation in Austria

Class-size: p.e.

50 –

2,000

2,000 –

10,000

10,000 –

15,000

15,000 –

150,000 >

150,000 total

no. WWTP 845 397 44 187 22 1,495

% of WWTP 56.5 26.6 2.9 12.5 1.5 100.0

ODC 1,000 p.e.

419 1,858 572 7,694 9,541 20,084

% of p.e. 2.1 9.3 2.8 38.3 47.5 100.0

20,084,000 p.e. design capacity (ODC); 14,674,853 p.e. actually treated in 2002


Level of treatment

• Requirements for waste water treatment

• based on combined approach set out in Art. 10 WFD

• strong emphasis on emission controls based on best available techniques

• Requirements for industrial effluents

• several specific ordinances, permits

• combination of internal and end of pipe measures

• Requirements for urban waste water

• secondary treatment with nitrification is in general the basic requirement


UWWTP Size classes and emission limit values (mg/l)

Class-size: p.e.

50 – 500

500 – 5,000

5,000 – 50,000

> 50,000

BOD5 25 20 20 15 COD 90 75 75 75 TOC 30 25 25 25 NH4-N 10 5 5 5 Ptot - 2 1 1 Ntot - - 70 % 70 %

Article 5 (8) UWWTD


Level of treatment

• Nitrification

• Reduction of oxygen demand

• Danger of ammonia toxicity reduced

• Reduction of pathogens (~103)

• Removal of dangerous substances

• P-removal important for lakes, partly small rivers to prevent / reduce eutrophication

• N- and P- removal important for Black Sea / North Sea

• Cost-benefit ratio is considered to be good


Eutrophication

• Surface waters in Austria are generally P-limited

• Criteria for risk assessment of rivers (under revision):0,07 mg/l Ptot filtrated for salmonid waters0,15 mg/l Ptot filtrated for cyprinid waters

• Rivers: 13 % at risk in respect to biological or trophic status due to Article 5 WFD analysis

• Lakes > 0.5 km2 are in good ecological status

• Article 5(8) of UWWTD since 2003 (P)

• Black Sea and North Sea are N- and/or P-limited


Biological Water Quality


Eutrophication


Activated sludge system

Also Sequencing Batch Reactors for smaller WWTPs


Vienna WWTP

Different flow schemes for nutrient removal (from simple to sophisticated depending on local situation)


Vienna WWTP 4 million p.e.


Dimensioning

• Austrian and German guidelines are used for dimensioning

• Dimensioning of Single-Stage Activated Sludge Plants. German Water Association (DWA) A-131, 2000

• Standardisation and Derivation of Dimensioning Values for Wastewater Facilities.

German Water Association (DWA) A-198, 2002

• Construction and Testing of Drains and Sewers. DWA A-139, 2002 on the basis of DIN EN 1610

• Advisory Leaflets (ÖWAV, DWA)

• Austrian standards (ON) for small WWTPs


Investment costs

• Investments for sewer systems and WWTPs

• 1959 -2004: ~ 33,000 billion €

• up to 2015: ~ 6,000 billion €

• average yearly investments in Austria: 100 €/inhabitant

• ~ 0.5 % of the Gross Domestic Product

• investments costs per connected inhabitant: ~ 6,000 €

• yearly costs per connected inhabitant: ~ 150 - 200 €

• average fee: 1-3 €/m3


Subsidy system for implementation

• State loan system (1959 -1993)

• long-term soft loans granted to municipalities by federal water fund (1-3 % interest rate; 30-50 years)

• Subsidized loan-repayment system (since 1993)

• loans on the free capital market

• subsidy conditions set by the ministry, private credit institute handles the subsidy-projects

• subsidy rate between 8 (20) and 50 %.


Monitoring methods and frequencies

•Sampling method:predominantly time-based samples (24 hours) but also flow proportional

•Allowed failures: – according to the number of samples (Annex I, table 3)– no value more than 100% > limit value

•Frequencies (surveillance): 1, 6, 12, 12 and more(according to size classes)


Self-monitoring frequencies

Class-size: p.e.

50 – 500

500 – 5,000

5,000 – 50,000

> 50,000

BOD5 6 12 52 104 COD 12 26 104 260 TOC - - 26 52 NH4-N 52 104 156 365 Ptot - 52 104 260 Ntot - 52 104 260


Monitoring performance

Self-monitoring:Municipality/water associations

(At the plant and/or in laboratories)

Surveillance-monitoring:Länder (Provinces), local water surveillance

(by public or certificated private laboratories)


Reporting system until 2000

Data flow from:uwwt plants, industries, population

To: regional authorities, provinces, ministry or statistical office

For: national and internat. Statistics national and international reports

Statistical office: every 10 yearsMinistry: a) every 3 years

b) according to EU reporting obligations, ad hoc specific requests


New Austrian reporting system

Ministry Other national bodies

National UWWT-DB

Regional authorities

UWWTP Industries

Other int. Rep.

(EEA,...)UWWTD

WFD

Other Directives

Other Reporting

reports/electronic data exchange

electronic data exchange


Data management

• Information about:• Individual plants• Loads and emission concentrations• (Permits)• Industrial point sources• Spatial information (GIS)• Historical data• Connection degree (often missing)

• Evaluation carried out by FEA/Ministry/Provinces• Evaluation tool integrated in data base


Rural areas –small treatment plants / individual systems

• ~1 million people (14 % of population) not connected to sewer systems, out of these:

• 65 % cess pits (number of pits is decreasing)• 35 % small treatment plants

• conventional biological treatment plants• constructed wetlands• septic tanks

• “Alternatives”:• waste water disposal on farm land?• infiltration of treated waste water?

• Further public funding required for socially acceptable costs


Constructed wetlands

Extensive Wastewater Treatment Processes 500 – 5,000 p.e.

Guide, Commission, 2001


Rural areas –small treatment plants / individual systems

• Small WWTPs became much cheaper in the last years• Constructed wetlands: usually vertical filter with intermittent feed (nitrification) • Discussions on infiltration of treated waste water:

• hygienic problems (risk based assessment – further research required)

• oxygen• conservative compounds


Thank you for your attention

[email protected]

http://www.lebensministerium.at

Seite 120.09.2015 Hier steht ein thematisches Foto Implementation of the Urban Waste Water Directive...

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