Post on 06-May-2015
PEOPLE FIGHTING FOR CHANGE
REFORM
Reform
To put or change into an improved form or condition
To amend or improve by change of form or removal of faults or abuses
To put an end to (an evil) by enforcing or introducing a better method or course of action
Second Great Awakening
Revivals (meetings with hundreds of people) strengthened, or revived, people’s religious feelings.
First great era of reform.Various types:
Health Education Prison and mental
institutions Religious
Abolitionist
Someone who wants to abolish, or end, slavery in the United States
Went a step further as women began to think about their own rights.
Temperance
Means moderation
Crusade to stop the drinking of alcohol.
Frederick Douglas
Born into slavery in Maryland, escaped to New York by posing as a free sailor.
Traveled the country speaking for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society.
Wrote a book about the horrors of slavery.
William Lloyd Garrison
Began The Liberator Equal rights for blacks
and whitesIn some places The
Liberator was burned and mail carriers refused to deliver it.
$5000 reward offered for his arrest
Sarah and Angelina Grimke
Daughters of a wealthy South Carolina judge and plantation owner
Felt slavery was inconsistent with justice and humanity
Moved to the North so they could work against slavery.
First women to speak publicly for the abolitionist cause.
Harriet Tubman
Felt she had a right to liberty or death and meant to have one of them, so she fled from the plantation in the middle of the night.
She headed for the house of a white woman who was helping escaped slaves.
Began her journey on the Underground Railroad.
The woman gave her two slips of paper with names of families on route north who would help her. Her first “railroad tickets”
Traveled over 90 miles at night, through swamps and woodlands to freedom.
Went back and helped over 300 people escape
Thousands of dollars offered for her capture.
Sojourner Truth
Born into slaveryFreed at age 30At age 47 began
speaking about the evils of slavery
Her name meant to travel telling the truth
Women’s rights convention in Akron, Ohio
Lucretia Mott
Founder of the American Antislavery Society
Helped write a statement modeled after the Declaration of Independence that stated all men and women are created equal
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Worked with Lucretia Mott and held a meeting at her house
They decided to hold a convention to discus the “social, civil, and religious conditions and rights of women.
Over 240 people attended the convention in her hometown of Seneca Falls
Seneca Falls Convention
World’s first women’s rights convention
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
Set agenda for women’s rights movement that followed
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and women are created equal…”
-Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 1848
Horace Mann
Common School Movement
Believed education was a way to fight poverty
School year extendedEstablished more high
schoolsImproved teacher training
Other Reformers
Dorothea DixAttempted to reform prisons and insane
asylums
Dr. Sylvester GrahamInvented graham crackers as an alternative
to bread that had additives