PEOPLE FIGHTING FOR CHANGE

REFORM

Reform

To put or change into an improved form or condition

To amend or improve by change of form or removal of faults or abuses

To put an end to (an evil) by enforcing or introducing a better method or course of action

Second Great Awakening

Revivals (meetings with hundreds of people) strengthened, or revived, people’s religious feelings.

First great era of reform.Various types:

Health Education Prison and mental

institutions Religious

Abolitionist

Someone who wants to abolish, or end, slavery in the United States

Went a step further as women began to think about their own rights.

Temperance

Means moderation

Crusade to stop the drinking of alcohol.

Frederick Douglas

Born into slavery in Maryland, escaped to New York by posing as a free sailor.

Traveled the country speaking for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society.

Wrote a book about the horrors of slavery.

William Lloyd Garrison

Began The Liberator Equal rights for blacks

and whitesIn some places The

Liberator was burned and mail carriers refused to deliver it.

$5000 reward offered for his arrest

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

Daughters of a wealthy South Carolina judge and plantation owner

Felt slavery was inconsistent with justice and humanity

Moved to the North so they could work against slavery.

First women to speak publicly for the abolitionist cause.

Harriet Tubman

Felt she had a right to liberty or death and meant to have one of them, so she fled from the plantation in the middle of the night.

She headed for the house of a white woman who was helping escaped slaves.

Began her journey on the Underground Railroad.

The woman gave her two slips of paper with names of families on route north who would help her. Her first “railroad tickets”

Traveled over 90 miles at night, through swamps and woodlands to freedom.

Went back and helped over 300 people escape

Thousands of dollars offered for her capture.

Sojourner Truth

Born into slaveryFreed at age 30At age 47 began

speaking about the evils of slavery

Her name meant to travel telling the truth

Women’s rights convention in Akron, Ohio

Lucretia Mott

Founder of the American Antislavery Society

Helped write a statement modeled after the Declaration of Independence that stated all men and women are created equal

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Worked with Lucretia Mott and held a meeting at her house

They decided to hold a convention to discus the “social, civil, and religious conditions and rights of women.

Over 240 people attended the convention in her hometown of Seneca Falls

Seneca Falls Convention

World’s first women’s rights convention

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

Set agenda for women’s rights movement that followed

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and women are created equal…”

-Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 1848

Horace Mann

Common School Movement

Believed education was a way to fight poverty

School year extendedEstablished more high

schoolsImproved teacher training

Other Reformers

Dorothea DixAttempted to reform prisons and insane

asylums

Dr. Sylvester GrahamInvented graham crackers as an alternative

to bread that had additives